intro to immuno

Question 1

innate immunity

Answer 1

not antigen specific, not selective, responds to anything

Question 2

adaptive immunity

Answer 2

antigen specific, has to develop over time, utilized antibodies and T cells

Question 3

innate immunity barriers to infection

Answer 3

1. physical (epi and mucosal surfaces)
2. chemical
3. biological

Question 4

where are lots of innate immune cells located

Answer 4

at and under epithelial border

Question 5

where do all leukocytes come from

Answer 5

hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow

Question 6

2 types of leukocytes

Answer 6

1. myeloid cells

2. lymphoid cells

Question 7

types of myeloid cells

Answer 7

1. granulocytes (basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils)
2. monocytes (macrophages once in tissue)
3. dendritic cells (antigen presenting cells)

Question 8

types of lymphoid cells

Answer 8

1. NK cells (innate immunity)

2. B and T cells (adaptive immunity)

Question 9

basophils

Answer 9

triggered by IgE
histamine is primary mediator
becomes mast cells in tissue

Question 10

eosinophils

Answer 10

kill parasites

involved in inflammatory and allergic response

Question 11

neutrophils

Answer 11

1st responder

phagocytic

Question 12

monocytes

Answer 12

macrophages once in tissue

phagocytic

Question 13

dendritic cells

Answer 13

antigen presenting to t cells

phagocytic

Question 14

NK cells

Answer 14

innate immunity
nonspecifically kill virus infections and tumor cells
release granules and induce cell death
produce cytokines (IFN gamma)

Question 15

what produce cytokines and chemokines?

what arecytokines and chemokines

Answer 15

monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells

cytokines: proteins that mediate inflammatory and immune rxns
chemokines: low MW cytokines that stimulate leukocyte movement and regulate migration of leukocytes from blood to tissue

Question 16

what is the link btwn innate and adaptive immune responses, and how

Answer 16

dendritic cells (macrophages too)
via 1. presenting antigen on host surface
2. stimulation from cytokines

Question 17

divisions of adaptive immunity

Answer 17

1. humoral: attack extracellular microbes via B cells

2. cell mediated: attack intracellular pathogens via T cells

Question 18

how can you tell immune cells apart?

Answer 18

by molecules on their cell surface

Question 19

CD3+CD4+ cells

Answer 19

CD4+ t cells (helper T cells)

recognize MHC II

Question 20

CD3+CD8+ cells

Answer 20

CD8+ t cells (cytotoxic T cells)

recognize MHC I

Question 21

antigen

Answer 21

any substance that can be specifically bound by a cell of adaptive immunity and cause some change

Question 22

types of antigens

Answer 22

1. immunogen: immune resp
2. tolerogen: immunologic tol or immune non resp
3. allergen: cause allerg rxn

Question 23

endogenous vs exogenous antigens

Answer 23

endogenous: within body cells, presented by APCs to CD8+ T cells
exogenous: enter body from environment, presented by APCs to CD4+ T cells

Question 24

what controls leukocyte entry into peripheral sites

Answer 24

1. physiochem variables (blood flow and electrostatic inf)

2. cellular adhesion molecules

Question 25

toll like receptors (TLR)

Answer 25

almost identical across species AKA pattern recognition receptors recognize PAMPs

Question 26

signaling cascade once TLR recognizes PAMP

Answer 26

1. assemble compound that comes together as kinases 2. activates transcription factors 3. gene transcription 4. activation of innate and adaptive immunity