Intro to IO

Question 1

What is the field of psychology focused on finding the right person for the right job and managing them to perform well?

Answer 1

Personel Psychology

Question 2

What field of psychology involves job analysis, recruitment, employee selection, appraisal, training, evaluation, and development?

Answer 2

Personnel Psychology

Question 3

What field of psychology involves job analysis, recruitment, employee selection, appraisal, training, evaluation, and development?

Answer 3

Personnel Psychology

Question 4

​What is the process of identifying, attracting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and onboarding employees for an organization?​

Answer 4

Recruitment

Recruitment is the process of identifying, attracting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and onboarding employees for an organization. It encompasses all measures that a company undertakes to find potential new employees and, ideally, to hire them. The recruitment process varies widely based on the employer, seniority, type of role, and industry or sector the role is in.

Question 5

Choosing the right person for the job through interviews and tests.

Answer 5

Employee Selection

Question 6

Checking how well an employee is doing (performance reviews).

Answer 6

Appraisal

Question 7

Teaching employees new skills to help them improve.

Answer 7

Training

Question 8

Measuring an employee’s progress and effectiveness.

Answer 8

Evaluation

Question 9

Helping employees grow and get promoted.

Answer 9

Development

Question 10

​What field of psychology helps companies understand how employees feel and work together to create a better, more productive workplace by focusing on leadership, motivation, teamwork, communication, and handling workplace issues?

Answer 10

Organizational Psychology

Organizational psychology, also known as industrial-organizational psychology, examines the people in the workplace by applying the principles of psychology. It focuses on scientifically-based solutions to human problems in work and organizational settings. The goal is to better understand and optimize the effectiveness, health, and well-being of both individuals and organizations. ​

Question 11

​What field focuses on designing tools and equipment to ensure comfort and safety in the workplace?

Answer 11

Ergonomics

Ergonomics, also known as human factors engineering, is the applied science concerned with designing and arranging things people use so that the people and things interact most efficiently and safely. This discipline aims to optimize the “fit” between people and their work environment, enhancing productivity and reducing the risk of injury.

Question 12

​What process involves organizing and equipping a workplace to optimize employee performance, safety, and satisfaction?

Answer 12

Workplace Design

Workplace design refers to the strategic arrangement and functionality of workspaces to enhance productivity, creativity, and employee satisfaction. It involves organizing and equipping a workplace to optimize employee performance, safety, and satisfaction. This process considers various factors such as furniture, lighting, equipment, layout, and environmental elements to create a workspace that supports employees’ physical and mental well-being. Effective workplace design not only ensures that employees work safely and productively but also fosters a positive organizational culture and enhances overall job satisfaction.

Question 13

who wrote The Theory of Advertising (1903)?

Answer 13

Walter Dill Scott

Question 14

This is a simple exposition of the principles of psychology in their relation to successful advertising

Answer 14

The Theory of Advertising (1903)

​”The Theory of Advertising: A Simple Exposition of the Principles of Psychology in Their Relation to Successful Advertising” is a book written by Walter Dill Scott in 1903. This seminal work explores the application of psychological principles to advertising, aiming to enhance its effectiveness. Scott delves into various psychological aspects such as attention, suggestion, and mental imagery to understand consumer behavior and improve advertising strategies. ​
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The book is divided into several chapters, each focusing on different psychological principles and their practical applications in advertising. For instance, it discusses how to capture and maintain consumer attention, the role of direct commands in persuasive advertising, and the psychological value of return coupons. Scott also examines concepts like apperception and illusions of perception, providing insights into how consumers process advertising messages. ​
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Scott’s work laid the foundation for understanding consumer psychology in advertising and introduced concepts that are still relevant in modern marketing practices. His emphasis on the psychological aspects of consumer behavior marked a significant shift from traditional advertising methods to more research-based and consumer-centric approaches.

Question 15

Father of IO Psych, wrote Psychology and
Industrial Efficiency (1910)

Answer 15

Hugo Munsterberg

Question 16

IO Psychology previously called _____

Answer 16

Economic Psychology

Question 17

What caused the emergence of IOP?

Answer 17

WW1

Question 18

founder of the Psychological Corporation

Answer 18

James Catell

Question 19

Who is the management theorist known for emphasizing teamwork, leadership, and collaboration within organizations, advocating for a focus on people and fostering group cohesion to enhance productivity and create a harmonious work environment?

Answer 19

Mary Parker Follett

Mary Parker Follett was a pioneering management theorist who emphasized the importance of teamwork, leadership, and collaboration within organizations. She believed that organizations should prioritize people and foster group cohesion to create a more productive and harmonious work environment

Question 20

The idea that employees work better when they feel like a team.

Answer 20

Group Cohesion

Question 21

Companies should focus on employee needs, communication,

Answer 21

People-Oriented Organizations

Question 22

Instead of forcing a decision, find a solution

Answer 22

Conflict Resolution Through Integration

Question 23

​Who was the engineer and management consultant who developed Scientific Management, also known as Taylorism, aiming to increase workplace efficiency through scientific analysis and improvement of work processes?

Answer 23

Frederick Winslow Taylor

Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856–1915) was an American mechanical engineer who sought to improve industrial efficiency. He is regarded as the father of scientific management, a theory that analyzes and synthesizes workflows to improve economic efficiency, especially labor productivity. Taylor’s approach, known as Taylorism, involved studying tasks scientifically to determine the most efficient ways to perform them, selecting and training workers scientifically, providing detailed instruction and supervision, and dividing work between managers and workers to apply scientific management principles effectively.

Question 24

​What term describes the management approach that analyzes tasks to determine the most efficient methods, treating the workplace as a machine where every worker and process operates smoothly and efficiently?

Answer 24

Taylorism

Taylorism, also known as scientific management, is a theory of management that analyzes and synthesizes workflows to improve economic efficiency, especially labor productivity. Developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it involves studying tasks scientifically to determine the best way to perform them, thereby increasing productivity and efficiency in industrial settings.

Question 25

​Who is the management theorist known for focusing on leadership styles based on participative management techniques?

Answer 25

Kurt Lewin Kurt Lewin, a pioneering psychologist, identified three primary leadership styles:​ Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre Authoritarian (Autocratic): Leaders make decisions unilaterally, and expect subordinates to comply without input.​ Leadership Ahoy Democratic (Participative): Leaders involve team members in the decision-making process, fostering collaboration and shared responsibility. ​ sddevelopment-be.github.io +4 Lumen Learning +4 Leadership Success +4 Laissez-Faire (Delegative): Leaders provide minimal direction, allowing team members considerable freedom in how they work.

Question 26

Time and Motion Studies

Answer 26

Frank and Lilian Gilbreth ​Time and motion studies are methodologies used to analyze and improve work efficiency by examining the time spent on tasks and the motions involved. These studies aim to identify inefficiencies and optimize workflows, leading to increased productivity and reduced costs.​ Historical Context: Time Study: Pioneered by Frederick Winslow Taylor, time studies involve measuring the time taken to complete tasks to establish standard times and improve productivity. ​ Wikipedia Motion Study: Developed by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, motion studies focus on analyzing the motions required for tasks to eliminate unnecessary movements, thereby enhancing efficiency. ​ ISSSP for Lean Six Sigma +1 Wikipedia +1

Question 27

–Motor Company, introduced conveyor belts

Answer 27

Henry Ford

Question 28

​Who conducted the Hawthorne Studies, which examined how work conditions and managerial socialization affect employee productivity?

Answer 28

Elton Mayo Elton Mayo, an Australian-born psychologist and organizational theorist, led the Hawthorne Studies in the late 1920s and early 1930s. These studies investigated how various factors, including work conditions and managerial behavior, influenced employee productivity. The research revealed that employees' performance was significantly affected by social relationships and the attention they received from supervisors, highlighting the importance of managerial socialization in the workplace.

Question 29

The tendency of a person to work better when he/she knows that they are observed.

Answer 29

Hawthorne Effect

Question 30

can establish causal relationships. The random assignment of subjects must be present.

Answer 30

Experimentation

Question 31

TRUE OR FALSE: Experimentation might involve deception due to the study’s significant prospective scientific, educational, medical, or applied value however, proper debriefing must be made at the end of their participation.

Answer 31

TRUE

Question 32

is a type of research that examines the relationship between two or more variables but does not prove that one causes the other. It only shows if the variables are connected in some way.

Answer 32

Correlational study

Question 33

is a type of research that examines the relationship between two or more variables but does not prove that one causes the other. It only shows if the variables are connected in some way.

Answer 33

Quasi-experiments

Question 34

gathering data about a job’s components, conditions, and characteristics.

Answer 34

Job Analysis

Question 35

a product of JA which includes a summary of the tasks and requirements needed to do a specific job.

Answer 35

Job Description

Question 36

Components of a good job description:

Answer 36

Job Title, Brief Summary, Work Activities, Tools and Equipment Used, Job Context, Work Performance, Compensation Information, and Competencies.

Question 37

Job Analysis is important to help the professionals in various human resources activities such as:

Answer 37

1. RECRUITMENT: to create accurate job descriptions and identify the right candidates for the role. 2. TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT: to determine the training needs of employees to improve their performance and meet the job requirements. 3. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION: to provide a framework for for evaluating employee performance based on clearly defined job expectations. 4. COMPENSATION & BENEFITS: to determine appropriate salary and benefits for a job based on its responsibilities and required skills.

Question 38

An HR manager is struggling with high employee turnover. To address this, they decide to conduct surveys to understand employee satisfaction. Which branch of I/O psychology is most relevant here? a) Personnel Psychology b) Organizational Psychology c) Human Factors Psychology d) Cognitive Psychology

Answer 38

Answer: b) Organizational Psychology

Question 39

A company wants to improve workplace safety and reduce physical strain on workers. Which area of I/O psychology should they focus on? a) Personnel Psychology b) Organizational Psychology c) Human Factors Psychology d) Leadership Psychology

Answer 39

c) Human Factors Psychology

Question 40

An employer is hiring for a new role. They conduct a thorough analysis of the tasks, responsibilities, and necessary skills for the job. What is this process called?

Answer 40

Job Analysis

Question 41

A new manager is introduced to a team, but productivity drops because employees feel uncomfortable with the manager’s leadership style. What concept does this situation demonstrate? a) Taylorism b) Hawthorne Effect c) Leadership Styles d) Human-Machine Interaction

Answer 41

c) Leadership styles

Question 42

A company introduces an incentive system where employees receive bonuses based on performance. This strategy is most likely based on: a) Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs b) Scientific Management c) The Hawthorne Effect d) Job Enlargement

Answer 42

b) Scientific Management

Question 43

A researcher wants to study the impact of flexible work schedules on productivity. They assign half of the employees to a flexible schedule and the other half to a fixed schedule, then measure productivity. What research method are they using? a) Correlational Study b) Field Research c) Experimental Research d) Archival Research

Answer 43

c) Experimental Research

Question 44

A company implements an anonymous feedback system where employees can share their thoughts about workplace conditions. What I/O psychology method is being used? a) Job Analysis b) Performance Appraisal c) Employee Surveys d) Time and Motion Studies

Answer 44

c) Employee Surveys

Question 45

A factory introduces new machines that require specialized training. The HR department must ensure employees can use them efficiently. What HR function does this represent? a) Recruitment b) Training and Development c) Compensation and Benefits d) Performance Appraisal

Answer 45

b) Training and Development

Question 46

A study finds that employees perform better when they know they are being observed. This concept is known as: a) Taylorism b) The Hawthorne Effect c) Participative Management d) Job Rotation

Answer 46

b) The Hawthorne Effect

Question 47

An organization assigns an employee different roles every few months to prevent burnout and develop new skills. This is an example of: a) Job Enlargement b) Job Rotation c) Job Enrichment d) Performance Management

Answer 47

b) Job Rotation

Question 48

TRUE OR FALSE: The main goal of personnel psychology is to improve workplace efficiency by studying human-machine interaction.

Answer 48

False. Personnel psychology focuses on job analysis, recruitment, selection, training, and evaluation, while human factors psychology studies human-machine interaction.

Question 49

TRUE OR FALSE: Kurt Lewin’s leadership studies emphasized participative management techniques.

Answer 49

True. Lewin studied different leadership styles, emphasizing participative management for better team cohesion.

Question 50

TRUE OR FALSE: Taylorism focuses on making workers feel valued by giving them autonomy over their work.

Answer 50

False. Taylorism is based on scientific management, emphasizing efficiency, standardization, and task specialization rather than autonomy.

Question 51

TRUE OR FALSE: The Hawthorne Effect suggests that workers perform better when they feel that their managers care about them.

Answer 51

True. Employees improve their productivity when they know they are being observed, which is often linked to managerial attention.

Question 52

TRUE OR FALSE: Industrial-organizational psychologists primarily work in laboratory settings rather than real-world workplaces.

Answer 52

False. While some research is conducted in labs, I/O psychologists often work in corporate, government, and consulting environments.

Question 53

TRUE OR FALSE: Human factors psychology focuses on designing workplace tools and environments to enhance productivity and safety.

Answer 53

True. This field improves workplace efficiency by studying human-machine interaction and ergonomic design.

Question 54

TRUE OR FALSE: A correlational study can establish a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables.

Answer 54

False. Correlational studies only show relationships between variables but do not establish causation.

Question 55

TRUE OR FALSE: Frederick Taylor’s scientific management principles influenced the development of assembly line production methods.

Answer 55

True. Taylor’s principles of efficiency and task specialization influenced assembly line methods, such as those used by Henry Ford.

Question 56

TRUE OR FALSE: Performance evaluations based on clearly defined job expectations are an important outcome of job analysis.

Answer 56

True. Job analysis helps create clear expectations, which are used in performance evaluations.

Question 57

TRUE OR FALSE: The Institutional Review Board (IRB) is responsible for ensuring that research studies are ethically conducted.

Answer 57

True. The IRB reviews studies to protect research participants from ethical violations.