Intro to Lameness Refresher

Question 1

Why is lameness prevention and treatment important?

Answer 1

• Animal welfare- painful
• Public perception
• Lower milk yield
• Impact on repro peformance
• Oestrus detection
• Increased culling
• Impact on nutrition
• Therefore increased costs

Question 2

What are the three regularly done measurments related to lameness?
Or at least should be done

Answer 2

Hock assessment
Mobility scores
Lesions scores

Question 3

Define the following terms?
1. Claw
2. Claw capsule
3. Cannon bone
4. Axial surface
5. Abaxial surface
6. Dorsal surface
7. Flexor surface

Answer 3

1. Organ at the end of the digit
2. Strucutre composed of horn- pedal bone fits
3. Bone between hock and fetlock (metatarsal)
4. Surface inbetween claws- interdigital space
5. Surface facing away from inside of the claws
6. Front of claw and limb
7. Back of limb

Question 4

Define the following terms related to bovine digit:
1. Dorsal flexure
2. Solear surface
3. Exostosis

Answer 4

1. Transition from the axial to abaxial wall
2. Refers to the sole of claw
3. A bony growth protruding from the surface of a bone

Question 5

Label the following lines

Answer 5

Question 6

Label the following diagram

Answer 6

Question 7

Define lamellae and laminae?

Answer 7

Lamellae- leaflets of horn lining the inside of the wall

Laminae- leaflets of connective tissue, collagen fibres, blood vessels that fit between lamellae

Question 8

What is the function of the suspensory apparatus of the digit?

Answer 8

Collagen fibres keeping pedal bone attached to dermal lamellae

Question 9

Clue at top of each leg

For each of A, B, C and D can you label the circle and square nerves

Answer 9

A:
* Circle median nerve
* Square- median dorsal/palmar nerves

B:
* Circle- ulnar nerve (dorsal and palmar branches)
* Square- axial dorsal nerves

C:
* Circle- radial nerve
* Square- axial dorsal nerves

D
* Axial palmar nerves

Question 10

Name the circle and square nerves?

Answer 10

Circle:
* Superficial peroneal nerve
* Deep peroneal nerve

Square:
* Axial dorsal nerves

Question 11

Why is the angle of a cows claw after trimming important?

Answer 11

Question 12

Describe the dutch method of foot trimming?

Answer 12

1. Start with medial hind claw
2. Trim dorsal wall length to 7, 5-8cm
3. Reduce sole depth at the toe to approx 5-7mm
4. Spare the heel
5. Correct wall length/sole depth of the other claw
6. Model/dish out
7. Deeper and wider modelling of the lateral hind/medial fore claw

Question 13

What are infectious and non infectious causes of lameness?

Answer 13

Infectious:
* Digital dermatitis
* Fould
* Interdigital dermatitis
* Heel horn erosion

Non-infectious:
* Sole haemorrhages
* Sole ulcers
* White line lesions