Intro to Medical Oncology

Question 1

fine needle aspiration is good for

Answer 1

• carcinomas

Question 2

excisional biopsy definition

Answer 2

• surgical procedure that removes the entire suspected area

Question 3

excisional biopsy good for

Answer 3

• melanoma treatment/diagnosis

- lymphoma diagnosis

Question 4

6 hallmarks of cancer

Answer 4

• sustaining proliferative signaling
• evading growth suppressors
• activating invasion and metastasis
• enabling replicative immortality
• inducing angiogenesis
• resisting cell death

Question 5

4 additional hallmarks of cancer

Answer 5

• deregulating cellular energetics
• avoiding immune detection
• tumor promoting inflammation
• genome instability and mutation

Question 6

nonspecific chemotherapy may be more effective given as

Answer 6

• a bolus dose

Question 7

toxic effects of nonspecific chemotherapy expressed during

Answer 7

• any attempt at cell division

Question 8

cell cycle specific chemotherapy effect exerted when

Answer 8

• dividing cells only

Question 9

administration of cell cycle specific chemotherapy

Answer 9

• continuous infusion

- multiple divided doses

Question 10

examples of nonspecific chemotherapeutic agents

Answer 10

• alkylating agents
• anthracyclines
• platinum agents

Question 11

examples of cell cycle specific chemotherapeutic agents

Answer 11

• antimetabolites
• vincas
• taxanes
• topoisomerase inhibitors

Question 12

primary treatment; intended to cure is

Answer 12

• definitive

Question 13

treatment given to relieve symptoms and reduce suffering is

Answer 13

• palliative

Question 14

therapy given after a cancer has not responded to other treatments is

Answer 14

• salvage

Question 15

therapy given prior to the primary therapy is

Answer 15

• neoadjuvant

Question 16

therapy given in addition to the primary therapy is

Answer 16

• adjuvant

Question 17

intensive initial treatment to get a handle on the cancer (is

Answer 17

• induction

Question 18

therapy used to solidify a remission and further reduce tumor burden is

Answer 18

• consolidation

Question 19

therapy used in some diseases to increase disease free interval or catch the slow growing cells is

Answer 19

• maintenance

Question 20

therapy that inhibits the growth and division of cancer cells is

Answer 20

• chemotherapy

Question 21

therapy that specifically target specific genes or proteins is

Answer 21

• targeted therapy

Question 22

therapy that uses the body’s own immune system to fight cancer is

Answer 22

• immunotherapy

Question 23

what is the central mediator of angiogenesis

Answer 23

• VEGF

Question 24

what are molecular that are on the surface of cells that are hardwired into the immune system and need to be activated or deactivated to trigger an immune response?

Answer 24

• checkpoints

Question 25

which T stage is a superficial tumor

Answer 25

- T1

Question 26

what T stage is a muscle invasive tumor

Answer 26

- T2

Question 27

what T stage is a tumor that has grown through the muscularis propria

Answer 27

- T3

Question 28

what T stage is a tumor that has grown through the colon wall and serosa and is adherent to adjacent organs

Answer 28

- T4

Question 29

tumors grow in what kind of kinetic fashion?

Answer 29

- Gompertzian

Question 30

how do people usually die from cancer?

Answer 30

- local effects - infection - VTE - systemic effects

Question 31

what scale do we use for comorbidities?

Answer 31

- ECOG performance score