Intro To Microbial World

Question 1

Microbiology is the study of-

Answer 1

organisms too small to be seen under a microscope

Question 2

Which organisms are macroscopic

Answer 2

some helminths and algae

Question 3

Organisms that are studied under Parasitology are-

Answer 3

Protozoa and helminths

Question 4

What are the branches of Microbiology-

Answer 4

immunology, Public health and epidemiology, food and dairy, Biotech, Genetic engineering

Question 5

What is immunology-

Answer 5

it is concerned with the host’s response to microorganisms

Question 6

Which organism is used for manipulation of genes to help as a pesticide-

Answer 6

Bacillus thuringinesis.

Question 7

Microbes are involved in-

-

Answer 7

Nutrient cycle, Decomp, Prod. of food, drugs and vaccine, bioremediation, causing disease.

Question 8

How many microbes cause diseases

Answer 8

2000, 100 are pathogenic

Question 9

Organisms that attack the body because of a defect in the system-

Answer 9

Opportunistic infections (Black fungus)

Question 10

People suffering from DM are more prone to-

Answer 10

Candidiasis, skin infections, TB and trauma infections.

Question 11

Number of infections and deaths worldwide per year-

Answer 11

10 bil. And 13mil.

Question 12

What is the distribution of pathogenic species?-

Answer 12

Group
No. of species/1407
% total
Bacteria
538
38.2

Fungi
317
22.5

Helminths
287
20.4
Virus and Prions
208
14.8

Protozoan
57
4.1

Question 13

What are current diseases-

Answer 13

H1N1, Sars COV-2, Bird flu, Influenza, Ebola and Zika

Question 14

Emergent diseases-

Answer 14

1980-1989; HTLV 1,2, Herpes virus 6, HIV, Hep C, E coli 0157, borrelia, helicobacter, Staph aureus. 1990-1999; Hanta, herpes 8, Hep E, vCJD, Hendra, Nipah, Vibrio C 0139, Cryptospodium, Cyclospora. 2000- SARS COV-1&2, H5N1, HTLV 3,4.

Question 15

Which organisms are better visible with Naked eye-

Answer 15

Tapeworms, Nematodes, schistosome, trichennella, larval worms

Question 16

Which organisms are visible under a light microscope-

Answer 16

protozoa, Bacteria

Question 17

Organisms that are visible under E.Microscope-

Answer 17

Viruses

Question 18

Which organisms fall under parasitology-

Answer 18

helminths and protozoans

Question 19

Emerging diseases are-

Answer 19

Prev. unknown- H1N1

Question 20

Tartar of tooth contains-

Answer 20

trichomonas tenanx

Question 21

Greenish growths on old bread-

Answer 21

Aspergillus, Unicellular- yeast

Question 22

RBC and WBC are visible under-

Answer 22

oil immersion lens- under 8um.

Question 23

Polio virus is the smallest, it measures at-

Answer 23

10nm

Question 24

DNA- 1nm and

Answer 24

H atom- 1A

Question 25

The effect of viruses in the tissue determine their presence but not necessarily visible under microscope is known as-

Answer 25

Cytopathic effect

Question 26

Pieces of protein but are yet capable of causing diseases are-

Answer 26

Prions

Question 27

Microbes are classified in 2 ways, Cell type-

Answer 27

Eukar or Prokar and Virus type- DNA or RNA

Question 28

Who was the first to observe living microbes-

Answer 28

ANton Von- 300X zoom

Question 29

Forms of life can arise from non living matter-

Answer 29

Spontaneous generation, Ants near sugar, Flies on dung, etc.

Question 30

Who demosntrated the principle of Fermentation-

Answer 30

Louis Pastuer, developed Rabies vaccine- the principle of omne vivum ex ovo

Question 31

Who established a sequence of steps to show a particular microroganism causes a disease-

Answer 31

Robert Koch

Question 32

What are his postulates-

Answer 32

Certain organism in a disease, isolate the organism, Place it in another host check if the disease is the same. He developed “pure culture” method

Question 33

Who identified Anthrax, TB and Cholera-

Answer 33

R. Koch

Question 34

Who developed the theory of Selective Toxicity-

Answer 34

Paul Ehrlich

Question 35

Salvarsan was a replacement for-

Answer 35

Arsenic (less toxic to cure syphilis)

Question 36

Penicillin was discovered by-

Answer 36

Fleming, used Staph aureus, synthetic are, amoxicillin and ampicillin

Question 37

Nobel Prize for Phagocytosis-

Answer 37

mechnikov

Question 38

Small pox vax- E. Jenner, Advocate-

Answer 38

Lady Montague

Question 39

B. Jesty-

Answer 39

induced cowpox to reduce smallpox

Question 40

. Lister promoted the idea of-

Answer 40

Sterile Surgery- phenol to clean instruments and wounds

Question 41

Who was the saviour of mothers?-

Answer 41

Ignaz Semmelweis, Cleaning hands in a ob/gyn vag. Exam

Question 42

Other milestones-

Answer 42

Avery, MCloed- DNA, W and Crick- double helix, L and D- mutation random, B and T- genes and enzyme rel, SP- prions, KM- PCR, B, T and L- genetic transmsisson, KL- ABO blood groups

Question 43

Bacteria with the peptidoglycan cell wall, disease-causing and 37 cel-

Answer 43

Eubacteria

Question 44

Odd, extreme bac, prokar, no peptido-

Answer 44

Archaea

Question 45

Nucleues, cell organelle, etc-

Answer 45

Eukarya

Question 46

Levels of classification-

Answer 46

Domain- largest; Species- smallest- Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.

Question 47

2 kingdoms of Protista-

Answer 47

Cavalier smith- Chromista (Golden brown algae, Chlorophyll A and C and other colorless) and Protozoa

Question 48

Microbes that are innately dependent on other organisms for survival-

Answer 48

Parasite

Question 49

Host response can be evaluated by-

Answer 49

signs and symptoms and immune control

Question 50

Pathologic signs of Measles-

Answer 50

koplik spots in buccal mucosa

Question 51

Why doesn't most host-pathogen cause disease-

Answer 51

Depends on the immune system, mode of transmission and toxins

Question 52

Infection is not always a disease-

Answer 52

Epidemiology.