Intro To Molecules And Gas Laws Flashcards
(28 cards)
What determines if a reaction will take place?
Thermodynamics - change in energy
What determines how fast a reaction occurs?
Kinetics - rates, orders, mechanisms
What determines how ‘complete’ a reaction is?
Equilibria - governed by thermodynamics
What is one of the main aims of physical chemistry?
To describe chemical systems numerically
What is the defining characteristic of gases?
The pressure they exert
What is the pressure (p) exerted by a gas dependent on?
- The amount of gas present (n)
- The volume in which it is contained (V)
- Temperature (T)
At what temperature are atoms/molecules in motion?
- At any temperature above absolute zero (K)
At a molecular level what is pressure?
The collective result of the forces exerted my atoms/molecules through never-ending collisions with each other and the walls of their container
What did Boyle determine?
That volume was inversely proportional to pressure (for a fixed mass of gas at a constant temperature.)
What is Boyle’s Law?
(Equation)
What did Charles determine?
That the volume of gas is directly proportional to its temperature
What is Charles’ Law?
(Equation)
What did Avogadro determine?
That the gas volume is directly proportional to the amount of gas
What is Avogadro’s law?
(Equation)
What is the Ideal Gas Equation?
What assumptions does the Ideal Gas Equation operate upon?
- Particles do not interact
- Particles occupy zero volume
- “Ideal” Behaviour
What are the units of Temperature?
K = kelvin
What are the units of Pressure?
Pa = pascals
What are the units of Volume?
Meters cubed = m^3
What type of equation is the Ideal Gas Equation?
It is an Equation of State
What assumptions does the ideal gas equation make?
- A gas has negligible forces between its constituent atoms or molecules
- Gas atoms or molecules have negligible volumes
Do real gases follow ideal behaviour?
No
Who made a correction to the gas equation in 1873?
Van der Waal
What did the Van der Waals equation account for?
- Attractive forces
- Molecular volumes