Define the 3 types of Anatomy: 1. Gross Anatomy 2. Histology 3. Cytology

1. Gross Anatomy: Macroscopic Anatomy 2. Histology: Microscopic Anatomy 3. Cytology: Cell Biology

1. Standing erect 2. Head and Eyes directed forward 3. Upper Extremities at the side 4. Palmar surface of hands directed forward 5. Lower Extremities together 6. Toes directed forward

Intro to MSK Flashcards by Rachel Melchionna

Define Human Anatomy

the study of the structure of the human body and the relation of its parts

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Define the 3 types of Anatomy:

Gross Anatomy
Histology
Cytology

Gross Anatomy: Macroscopic Anatomy
Histology: Microscopic Anatomy
Cytology: Cell Biology

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Regional vs. Systemic Anatomy

Regional is by region of the body, while systemic is moving through the systems (ex. osteology, arthrology, etc)

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Osteology

Study of Skeletal System

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Chondrology

Study of Cartilage

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Arthrology

Study of Joints and Ligaments

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Myology

Study of Skeletal Muscles

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Pulmonology

Study of Lungs and Airways

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Cardiology

Study of the Heart

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Dermatology

Study of the Integumentary System (Skin)

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Gastroenterology

Study of Digestive and Accessory Digestive

Systems

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Urology

Study of the Urinary System

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Endocrinology

Study of the Endocrine System

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Gynecology

Study of the Female Reproductive and Genital Systems

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Andrology

Study of the Male Reproductive and Genital Systems

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Angiology

Study of the Circulatory System

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Neurology

Study of the Nervous System

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Anatomical Position

Standing erect
Head and Eyes directed forward
Upper Extremities at the side 4. Palmar surface of hands directed forward
Lower Extremities together 6. Toes directed forward

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Sagittal

“Straight thru;” Runs from the front to back, parallel to the long axis

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Coronal

Frontal; Runs side to side, parallel to the long axis

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Transverse

Horizontal; Cuts body into upper and lower; Perpendicular to the long axis

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Midsagittal (median plane)

Runs front to back in the midline, parallel to the long axis

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Oblique

Every other plane other than the main ones (no proper placement)

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Dexter

Right

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Sinister

Left

Front (Ventral)

Posterior

Back (Dorsal)

Superior

Up (Cranial)

Inferior

Down (Caudal)

Medial

Toward the Midline

Lateral

Away from the Midline

Median

In the Midline

Proximal

Nearer to a Reference Point

Distal

Farther from a Reference Point

Superficial

Nearer to the Surface

Deep

Farther away from the Surface

External

Outside

Internal

Inside

Ipsilateral

Same Side

Contralateral

Opposite Side

Supine

Lying on Back

Prone

Lying Face Down

Flexion

Decrease the Angle between two Structures or Bones, usually in the Sagittal Plane

Dorsiflexion

Elevation of the foot at the Ankle

Plantarflexion

Directing the toes Inferiorly at the Ankle

Lateral Flexion

Decrease the Angle between a Midline structure and | the Lateral Surface of the Body, usually in the Coronal Plane

Extension

Increasing the Angle between two structures or Bones to the point of Hyperextension, usually in the Sagittal Plane

Abduction

Movement away from the Midline, usually in the Coronal Plane

Adduction

Movement toward the Midline, usually in the Coronal Plane

Medial Rotation

Rotation toward the Midline

Lateral Rotation

Rotation away from the Midline

Circumduction

Circular movement through a Spheroidal Joint

Protraction

Protrusion; To push out

Retraction

Retrusion; To pull in

Elevation

To lift up

Depression

To pull down

Inversion of the Foot

Direct the Plantar Surface Medially

Eversion of the Foot:

Direct the Plantar Surface Laterally

Supination of the Forearm

Direct the Palmar Surface Anteriorly

Pronation of the Forearm

Direct the Palmar Surface Posteriorly

Opposition

Touching Thumb to 5th Digit

Reposition

Returning from Opposed position (opposition) to Anatomical Position

2 Examples of long bones

Humerus/ Femur

2 Examples of short bones

Tarsals/ Carpals, cuboidal in shape

Flat Bones

Squamous Skull, designed to protect the brain

Irregular Bones

Facial Bones, not long, short or flat

Sesamoid Bones

Patella, embedded in tendon

Sutural/Wormian Bones

Amid Skull Sutures in the Neurocranium

Epiphysis

portion of a bone furthest from the center

Epiphyseal Plate

Cartilaginous region between Epiphysis and | Metaphysis

Where does Secondary Ossification Center occur?

Epiphyseal Plate

Metaphysis

flared region between Diaphysis and Epiphyseal Plate

Diaphysis (central portion of a bone, Primary Ossification Center)

Central portion of a bone

Where does the Primary Ossification Center occur?

Diaphysis

Epiphyseal Line

Region between Metaphysis and Epiphysis after cessation | of Ossification

Compact Bone

Outermost solid layer

Cancellous/ Spongy Bone

Innermost sinusoidal layer

Medullary/ Marrow Cavity

Replaces some of the Cancellous Bone Layer in | adults

Intro to MSK Flashcards

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