intro to mycology

Question 1

what is mycotoxicosis?

Answer 1

intoxication with fungal byproducts that may contaminate feed
-aflatoxins
-ergot alkaloid

Question 2

what are the predisposing factors to an animal to fungal invasion?

Answer 2

immunosuppression
prolonged antibiotic therapy
traumatized tissue
persistent moisture/poor ventilation

Question 3

are fungi prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

Answer 3

eukaryotes

Question 4

what are the basic morphological forms of fungi?

Answer 4

yeast
mold

Question 5

what are the cell membrane components of fungi?

Answer 5

ergosterol
chitin

Question 6

what are the different types of budding that yeast have?

Answer 6

encapsulated
germ tubules
pseudohyphae

Question 7

what type of budding does the yeast crytococcus have?

Answer 7

encapsulated

Question 8

what type of budding does the yeast Candida albicans have?

Answer 8

germ tubes
pseudohyphae

Question 9

what are dimorphic fungi?

Answer 9

a type of yeast that is temperature dependent and can switch between yeast and mold

Question 10

what type of yeast is histoplasma

Answer 10

dimorphic fungi

Question 11

what are the morphological structures of molds?

Answer 11

multicellular filamentous colony
hypha
mycelium

Question 12

what are hypha?

Answer 12

long filament or strand of cells +/- septa

Question 13

what are mycelium

Answer 13

mat of hyphae

Question 14

is aspergillus septate or nonseptate

Answer 14

septate

Question 15

is rhizopus, mucor septate or nonseptate

Answer 15

nonseptate

Question 16

what are the asexual spore types? and what do they have?

Answer 16

rhizopus, mucor
sporangiospores

Question 17

how are sporangiospores produced?

Answer 17

produced within a sporangium

Question 18

what are sporangiophores

Answer 18

stalk upon which the sporangium sits

Question 19

what is conidia and related structures?

Answer 19

open, not enclosed in sporangium

Question 20

what types of fungi have asexual spores types of conidia?

Answer 20

aspergillus
penicillium

Question 21

what is a conidiophore

Answer 21

bears the vesicle, metula, and phialide with conidia

Question 22

what are the two types of conidia

Answer 22

Question 23

give an example for micro and macro conidia

Answer 23

Question 24

what is blastoconidia

Answer 24

budding yeast

Question 25

what is arthroconidia (arthospores)?

Answer 25

barrel-shaped conidia

Question 26

what type of reproduction do spores have?

Answer 26

asexual reproduction

Question 27

where are sporangiospores located?

Answer 27

within a sporangium

Question 28

where are conidium located?

Answer 28

from conidiophore

Question 29

what are the general fungal disease classified as?

Answer 29

mycoses mycotoxicoses hypersensitivities

Question 30

what does mycoses cause?

Answer 30

granulomas +/- necrosis +/- abscess formation

Question 31

what does mycotoxicoses cause?

Answer 31

intoxication and tissue damage, not an active infection and not a mycosis

Question 32

what does hyersensitivites cause?

Answer 32

allergic pneumonitis, etc. may occur but are not classified as mycoses or mycotoxicoses

Question 33

what are the pathogenicity and disease classifications?

Answer 33

superficial subcutaneous opportunistic systemic

Question 34

what are the two types of superficial mycoses

Answer 34

ectorthrix and endothrix

Question 35

what is ectothrix

Answer 35

-fungal attachment to surface of the hair shaft, degrading cuticle -may fluoresce with wood's lamp

Question 36

what is endothrix

Answer 36

-fungal invasion of the hair shaft, cuticle intact -does not fluoresce with a wood's lamp

Question 37

example of superficial infection

Answer 37

Question 38

example of subcutaneous infection

Answer 38

Question 39

example of opportunistic infection

Answer 39

Question 40

example of systemic infection

Answer 40

Question 41

what are oxygen requirements for most fungi?

Answer 41

obligate aerobes

Question 42

what are the temperature requirements for fungi?

Answer 42

ambient 25 degrees celsius +/- body temperature

Question 43

what substance can inhibit bacterial growth of fungi

Answer 43

sabaroud dextrose

Question 44

yeast growth requirement

Answer 44

require biochemical +/- molecular ID (MALDI, PCR)

Question 45

what grows faster, mold or yeast?

Answer 45

yeast

Question 46

how to ID mold

Answer 46

requires weeks to mature ID based on structure +/- molecular ID

Question 47

how would you examine yeast under direct microscope examination

Answer 47

tape preparation stained tissue

Question 48

what are specific tests to ID fungi?

Answer 48

immunological tests or molecular methods (PCR)