Intro To Nervous System Flashcards
(13 cards)
What does the Prosencephalon (forebrain) turn into?
1.
Embryonic brain -> Telencephalon
Adult brain -> Cerebral cortex & Cerebral nuclei (basal ganglia, basal forebrain, amygdala)
Associated ventricle space -> Lateral Ventricles
- Embryonic brain -> Diencephalon
Adult brain -> Thalamus, Hypothalamus, and Retina
Associated ventricle space -> Third Ventricle
What does the Mesencephalon (midbrain) turn into? (Embryonic brain)
Adult brain -> Superior and inferior colliculi, Red nucleus, Substantia nigra
Associated ventricular space -> Cerebral aqueduct
What does the Rhombencephalon (hindbrain) turn into?
1.
Embryonic brain -> Metencephalon
Adult brain -> Cerebellum and Pons
Associated ventricular space -> Fourth Ventricle
2.
Embryonic brain -> Myelencephalon
Adult brain -> Medulla Oblongata
Associated ventricular space -> Fourth Ventricle
What is the Associated ventricular space for the spinal cord?
Central canal
What is Grey Matter?
Accumulation of neuron CELL BODIES and neurophil
- Cortex, nucleus, ganglion
SITE OF COMMUNICATION
What is White Matter?
Primarily axons
- White in appearance secondary to myelin (more fat in this area)
- Tract, peduncle, commissure, lamina
HIGHWAY OF COMMUNICATION, PATHWAY, SENDS SIGNALS
What makes up the Cerebral Hemisphere and what are their functions?
Overall Function: Higher level processing
- Frontal Lobe: thoughts, decision making and planning, actions
- Parietal Lobe: sensation and perception (identifying what something is)
- Temporal Lobe: hearing and memory
- Occipital Lobe: vision
- Insula: somatosensory
- Cerebral hemisphere is basically the whole brain *
What makes up the Cerebellum and what is its function?
Posterior to Brainstem
- Two cerebellar hemispheres
- Connected to the brainstem via peduncles
-> Superior, Middle, Inferior
Function: Coordinates movement
What are the functions of the brainstem?
- Everything goes through here *
1. Provides afferent and receives efferent input from the cranial nerves
2. Passage for all ascending sensory information, descending motor pathways, and local pathways that connect eye movement centers
3. Provides and receives information from the cerebellum
4. Facilitates critical autonomic functions (breathing and cardiovascular regulation)
5. Regulator of consciousness
What are the Grey Matter Subcortical structures
Diencephalon
- Thalamus (sensory processing/integration)
- Hypothalamus (homeostasis)
- Epithalamus (pineal gland)
- Subthalamus (functions w/ basal ganglia)
Basal Ganglia (motor function)
- Comprised of the caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus
Basal Forebrain (site of cholinergic projections)
Hippocampal Formation (memory)
Amygdala (emotion)
What are the White Matter Subcortical Structures ?
Corpus Callosum
- Connects R and L cerebral hemispheres
Internal Capsule
- Connects the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord
Anterior Commissure
- Connects the R and L temporal lobes
Fornix
- Interconnects the hippocampus and the hypothalamus and the basal forebrain
What do Dorsal Roots do?
- Carry afferent sensory information
- Information from periphery to CNS
What do Ventral Roots do?
- Carry efferent motor information
- Information from the CNS to skeletal muscle
