Intro to neuro

Question 1

what 2 nerves don’t leave the brain

Answer 1

optic nerve
olfactory nerve

Question 2

what is the neural tube created from?

Answer 2

ectoderm

Question 3

formation of the neural tube occurs when?

Answer 3

between 2nd and 4th week after conception

Question 4

what 3 embryological brain structures does the neural tube differentiate into

Answer 4

forebrain
midbrain
hindbrain

Question 5

when is the neural tube fully closed?

Answer 5

6 weeks

Question 6

when does the PNS begin a period of rapid growth

Answer 6

8 weeks

Question 7

when are all major components of the brain present

Answer 7

34 weeks

Question 8

when does brain development stop

Answer 8

25 years

Question 9

Overarching structures in the forebrain

Answer 9

Telencephalon
Diencephalon

Question 10

Structures in the telencephalon

Answer 10

cerebral nuclei (basal ganglia, amygdala, basal forebrain)
lateral ventricles

cerebral cortex is kinda it’s own thing

Question 11

Structures in the diencephalon

Answer 11

thalamus
hypothalamus
retina
third ventricle

Question 12

Structures in the mesencephalon (midbrain)

Answer 12

superior and inferior colliculi
red nucleus
substantia nigra
cerebral aqueduct

Question 13

overarching structures of the midbrain

Answer 13

mesencephalon

Question 14

overarching structures of the hindbrain

Answer 14

metencephalon
myelencephalon

Question 15

structures in the metencephalon

Answer 15

cerebellum
pons
4th ventricle

Question 16

structures in the myelencephalon

Answer 16

medulla oblongata
4th ventricle

Question 17

structures in the spinal cord

Answer 17

spinal cord
central canal

Question 18

is nuclei found in the CNS or PNS

Answer 18

CNS

Question 19

is ganglia found in the CNS or PNS

Answer 19

PNS

Question 20

what is the largest part of the brain by weight

Answer 20

cerebrum

Question 21

what does central sulcus separate

Answer 21

parietal and frontal lobes

Question 22

what does sagittal fissure separate

Answer 22

hemispheres

Question 23

what does lateral fissure separate

Answer 23

parietal and frontal lobes from temporal lobe

Question 24

pre central gyrus function

Answer 24

motor

Question 25

postcentral gyrus function

Answer 25

sensory

Question 26

is the subdural space a real space or potential space

Answer 26

potential space

Question 27

where do subarachnoid bleeds occur

Answer 27

arachnoid trabeculae

Question 28

what is between the arachnoid mater and the Pia mater

Answer 28

subarachnoid space

Question 29

globus pallidus in relation to putamen

Answer 29

globus pallidus is deeper to putamen

Question 30

basal ganglia primary function

Answer 30

fine tune VOLUNTARY movement

Question 31

where is the amygdala found

Answer 31

end of the caudate nucleus

Question 32

this white matter tract connects cerebrum to other areas in CNS

Answer 32

projection

Question 33

this white matter tract connects areas in different hemispheres

Answer 33

commissural

Question 34

this white matter tract connect areas in the same hemisphere

Answer 34

association

Question 35

what type of white matter tract is the corpus callosum

Answer 35

commissural

Question 36

what type of white matter tract is the internal capsule

Answer 36

projection

Question 37

what type of white matter tract is anterior/posterior commissure

Answer 37

commissural

Question 38

how many paired nuclei within the thalamus

Answer 38

up to 50 isolated nuclei

Question 39

major function of thalamus

Answer 39

relay station for sensory AND motor function

Question 40

where is the hypothalamus found in relation to the thalamus

Answer 40

anterior-inferiorly to the thalamus

Question 41

how many nuclei are found in the hypothalamus

Answer 41

11 major nuclei

Question 42

major function of the hypothalamus

Answer 42

homeostasis --> body temp, metabolism, alertness, reproduction, sleep

Question 43

through what structure does the hypothalamus impart many of its functions through

Answer 43

pituitary gland

Question 44

where is the midbrain found in relation to the thalamus and hypothalamus

Answer 44

inferiorly to the thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 45

superior colliculus function

Answer 45

visual reflexes

Question 46

inferior colliculus function

Answer 46

auditory reflexes

Question 47

cerebral peduncle function

Answer 47

transmits spinals tracts to pons and rest of brainstem

Question 48

structures in the brainstem

Answer 48

midbrain pons medulla

Question 49

cerebellum major function

Answer 49

SUBCONSCIOUS fine motor coordination

Question 50

what is the cerebellum attached to

Answer 50

cerebrum pons medulla

Question 51

how is the cerebellum attached to those structures

Answer 51

cerebellar peduncles

Question 52

major functions of the pons

Answer 52

sleep-wake cycle transmits spinal tract axons (efferent + afferent) regulates breathing with medulla affects BP & HR

Question 53

what cranial nerves enter/exit at the pons

Answer 53

trigeminal nerve (5) abducens (6) facial (7) vestibulocochlear (8)

Question 54

what structure is the final connection to the spinal cord

Answer 54

medulla

Question 55

structures within the medulla

Answer 55

pyramids olive decussation

Question 56

what tracts do the pyramids in the medulla contain

Answer 56

corticospinal corticobulbar

Question 57

function of the olive in the medulla

Answer 57

muscle memory and coordination

Question 58

what spinal tract decussates at the decussation in the medulla

Answer 58

corticospinal tract

Question 59

spinal cord travels from

Answer 59

foramen magnum --> conus medullaris (L1-L2)

Question 60

gray and white ramus in the spinal cord are our connection to the

Answer 60

sympathetic chain

Question 61

white rami in the spinal cord are only present from

Answer 61

T1-L2

Question 62

white ramus is

Answer 62

preganglionic

Question 63

gray ramus is

Answer 63

postganglionic