Intro to neuro - terms Flashcards
(33 cards)
1
Q
What is dyskinesia?
A
- difficulty in performing voluntary muscle movements
- impairment in ability to control movements
- characterized by spasmodic or repetitive motions or lack of coordination
- fragmented or jerky movements
2
Q
What is bradykinesia?
A
- slow movement
- slowness in execution of movement
3
Q
What is akinesia?
A
- inability to initiate movement
- due to problems selecting and activating motor programs in the brain
4
Q
What is rigidity?
A
- an increase in resistance to passive movement
- responsible for characteristic flexed position
- slowness of voluntary movement: swinging of the arms while walking
- voluntary action may be briefly regained during an emergency: pt is able to leap aside to avoid oncoming vehicle
5
Q
What is chorea?
A
- “to dance” in greek
- brief irregular contractions not repetitive or rhythmic but appear to flow from one muscle to another
- occurs without conscious effort
- assoc with Huntington’s
6
Q
What is ballism?
A
- severe chorea
- slight movements become thrashing motions
- odd postures
- leg movements
7
Q
What is dysarthria?
A
- any of certain disorders of articulation caused by impairment of muscles used in speech, such as stammering or stuttering, caused by a nerve defect
8
Q
What is allodynia?
A
- condition in which ordinarily painless stimulus is experienced as being painful
9
Q
What is akathisia?
A
- motor restlessness, inability to sit still
10
Q
What is cataplexy?
A
- muscular weakness resulting in sudden loss of postural tone, often triggered by an emotional stimulus and resulting in falls to the floor, can be seen in *narcolepsy
11
Q
What is cogwheeling?
A
- ratchet like movement due to superimposition of tremor on rigidity
12
Q
What is facial masking (hypomimia)?
A
- decreased facial expression due to rigidity of facial muscles
13
Q
What is fasciculation?
A
- spontaneous firing of an axon resulting in a visible twitch of all the muscle fibers it contacts; indicative of denervation
14
Q
What is festination?
A
- an involuntary tendency to take short accelerating steps in walking that occur in parkinson’s
15
Q
What is freezing?
A
- sudden, brief cessation of movement, common in parkinson’s
16
Q
What is korsakoff syndrome?
A
- chronic phase of thiamine deficiency characterized by impairment in establishing new memories and retrieving previous memories, occurring most commonly in alcoholics
17
Q
What is myoclonus?
A
- sudden, shock like, jerking contraction of a group of muscles
18
Q
What is oculogyric crisis?
A
- acute dystonic rxn to neuroleptic drugs manifested by sudden sustained twisting of the head and upward deviation of the eyes; responsive to anticholinergic or antihistamine meds
19
Q
What is the on-off phenomenon?
A
- sudden, unpredictable changes in motor performance by pts on levodopa therapy
20
Q
What is palsy?
A
- paralysis of muscle group
21
Q
What is paraplegia?
A
- paralysis of both legs
22
Q
What is penumbra?
A
- area surrounding the dense core of irreversibly damaged cells that has preserved ionic homeostasis and reduced neuronal electrical activity but that is capable of recovery
23
Q
Tardive?
A
- sxs that develop slowly or appear long after inception, ex: tardive dyskinesia occurring after chronic exposure to dopamine antagonists
24
Q
What is a tic?
A
- repetitive, stereotyped, simple or complex movements that can be voluntarily suppressed for short periods of time (eye blinking or throat clearing)
25
Torticollis?
- form of dystonia in which neck muscles contract involuntarily, causing head to turn
26
Wearing off phenomenon?
- waning of effects of a dose of levodopa prior to the scheduled time for the next dose, resulting in decreased motor performance
27
What is fluent aphasia (Wernicke's or receptive aphasia)?
- impairment of language comprehension including impaired repetition due to lesion of posterior left superior temporal gyrus
28
Athetosis?
- twisting and writhing movements
29
Dystonia?
- sustained muscle contractions causing twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures
30
What is oromandibular dystonia?
- sustained muscle contractions of the jaw and tongue, distortion of mouth and tongue
31
Wat is facial and cervical dystonia?
- face muscles causing face to pull to one side
| - cervicle: neck muscles causing head to rotate to one side or pull down toward the chest
32
What is a blepharispasm?
- spasm of eye muscles
| - repetitive blinking
33
What is spastic dystonia?
- muscles of larynx spasms
| - voice is broke or whispered
