Intro to Neuroanatomy

Question 1

Ipsilateral

Answer 1

Same side of the body

Question 2

Contralateral

Answer 2

Different side of the body

Question 3

Afferent

Answer 3

Going towards

Question 4

Efferent

Answer 4

Going away from

Question 5

Neurons

Answer 5

Most basic functional unit
Convey information via electrical signals
Receive, Integrate, Transmit

Question 6

3 main parts of neuron

Answer 6

Cell body, axon, dendrites

Question 7

Afferent neurons

Answer 7

Sensory neurons

Carry information from receptors to CNS

Question 8

Efferent neurons

Answer 8

Motor neurons

Carry information from CNS to peripheral effectors

Question 9

Interneurons

Answer 9

Link afferents and efferents

Only found in the CNS

Question 10

Role of dendrites

Answer 10

Receive information in order to integrate it into cell body

Question 11

3 types of neurons

Answer 11

Bipolar
Psuedo-unipolar
Multipolar

Question 12

Bipolar

Answer 12

2 processes extending from cell body (axon each side)

Specific sensory - e.g. eye and auditory

Question 13

Pseudo-unipolar

Answer 13

Seems like a bulge of the axon which only has 1 process extending
Information can bypass the cell body
Typically sensory neurons

Question 14

Multipolar

Answer 14

Many processes extending from the cell body

Often motor

Question 15

Two divisions of nervous system

Answer 15

CNS and PNS

Question 16

Two divisions of PNS

Answer 16

Somatic and autonomic

Question 17

Somatic control

Answer 17

Control of external actions of skin and muscles

Question 18

Autonomic control

Answer 18

Controls internal activities of organs and glands

Question 19

Two divisions of autonomic nervous system

Answer 19

Sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (relaxation)

Question 20

Rostral

Answer 20

Towards the face

Question 21

Caudal

Answer 21

Towards the tail

Question 22

Ventral

Answer 22

Towards the front of the body

Question 23

Dorsal

Answer 23

Towards the back of the body

Question 24

Neural tube

Answer 24

First development of nervous system

Question 25

Anatomical sub-divisions of the CNS

Answer 25

Cerebrum (with two divisions) Brainstem Cerebellum Spinal cord

Question 26

2 divisions of the cerebrum

Answer 26

Telencephalon (outer brain) | Diencephalon (inner brain)

Question 27

3 main parts of the brainstem

Answer 27

Midbrain (most anterior part of the brainstem) Pons (anterior bulge) Medulla oblongata (most caudal part of the brainstem)

Question 28

Poles of the brain

Answer 28

``` Frontal pole (anterior) Temporal pole (anterior - inferior) Occipital pole (posterior) ```

Question 29

Reason for folds

Answer 29

Increased surface area for more cell bodies

Question 30

Gyri and sulci

Answer 30

Elevated ridges and grooves respectively

Question 31

Corpus callosum

Answer 31

Roughly 1cm in thickness Acts as a bridge between two hemispheres of the brain Completely white matter

Question 32

Ventricles of the brain

Answer 32

Spaces within the CNS that contain fluid

Question 33

Grey matter

Answer 33

Nerve cell bodies (therefore unmyelinated)

Question 34

White matter

Answer 34

Nerve axons (therefore myelinated)

Question 35

Lissencephaly

Answer 35

Smooth brain - lack of gyri and sulci Leads to motor and sensory problems as well as mental retardation Will usually die before the age of 10

Question 36

Central sulcus

Answer 36

Separates the frontal and parietal lobe

Question 37

Lateral sulcus

Answer 37

Separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes

Question 38

Parieto-occipital sulcus

Answer 38

Separates the occipital lobe from the parietal and temporal lobes

Question 39

Precentral gyrus

Answer 39

Gyrus found just anterior to the central sulcus Part of frontal lobe Important for motor control

Question 40

Postcentral gyrus

Answer 40

Gyrus found just posterior to the central sulcus Part of parietal lobe Important for sensory processing

Question 41

2 important structures within the diencephalon

Answer 41

Thalamus | Hypothalamus

Question 42

Number of cranial nerves

Answer 42

12

Question 43

Three swellings of the neural tube at the rostral end

Answer 43

Prosencephalon (forebrain) Mesencephalon (midbrain) Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

Question 44

Three swellings become five

Answer 44

Prosencephalon forms the telencephalon with hemispheres along with the diencephalon Midbrain is just happy :) Rhombencephalon becomes metencephalon and myencephalon

Question 45

Myencephalon gives rise too...

Answer 45

Medulla

Question 46

Metencephalon gives rise to...

Answer 46

Pons and cerebellum

Question 47

Telencephalon gives rise to...

Answer 47

Cerebral hemispheres

Question 48

Mesencephalon gives rise to...

Answer 48

Midbrain