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MOHD4 Exam 4 Brain Stuff > Intro to Neurology > Flashcards

Intro to Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the lesion?

Aphasia, right hemiparesis

A

Left cerebral hemisphere

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2
Q

Focal dysfunction of cerebral cortex of non-dominant /dominant hemisphere causes ____

A

decreased cognition despite normal consciousness

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3
Q

Diffuse brain dysfunction
Focal dysfunction of cerebral cortex
Focal cerebral lesion/secondary brainstem involvement
All 3 of these case ____

A

decreased consciousness

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4
Q

Multifocal or diffuse process primarily affecting cerebral cortex causes ____

A

Dementia

Prominent impairment in memory

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5
Q

Aphasia =

Location:

A

Disorder of language

dominant cerebral hemisphere

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6
Q

Acalculia

Location:

A

Disorder of mathematics

Left hemisphere for R sided dominant

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7
Q

Apraxia =

A

Disorder of skilled motor acts

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8
Q

Amnesia =

A

Disorder of memory

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9
Q

Neglect =

A

Disorder of recognition/attention to one side

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10
Q

Anosognosia =

A

Lack of knowledge of illness

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11
Q

Asomatognosia =

A

Lack of knowledge of body part

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12
Q

Which of the following is NOT a component of aphasia?
A. Aural comprehension, oral production
B. Reading, writing
C. Fluency, naming, repetition, understanding
D. Production of spoken language

A

D. This is dysarthria

Dysarthria can be caused by wide variety of lesions: brainstem, muscle diseases

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13
Q

Ataxia points to what type of neurological disorders?

A

Cerebellum
Vestibular
Sensory loss

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14
Q

Hemiparetic points to what type of neurological disorders?

A

Corticospinal

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15
Q

Steppage =

A

Distal leg weakness

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16
Q

Waddling =

A

Proximal leg weakness

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17
Q 
Which of the following does NOT involve the upper motor neuron?
A. Corticospinal system
B. Brain
C. Dorsal Root Ganglion
D. Brainstem
E. Spinal cord
A

C

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18
Q 
Which of the following is not caused by upper motor neuron disorder?
A. Weakness
B. Hyperreflexia
C. Spasticity
D. Flaccidity
E. Babinski sign
A

D

19
Q 
Which of the following TWO do NOT involve the lower motor neuron?
A. Spinal cord
B. Spinal Root
C. Brainstem
D. Spinal Nerve 
E. Corticospinal system
A

C, E

20
Q 
Which of the following is not caused by lower motor neuron disorder?
A. Weakness
B. Hyporeflexia
C. Spasticity
D. Atrophy
E. Fasciculation
A

C. Flaccidity not spasticity

21
Q

Quadriparesis involves what locations?

A

Upper spinal cord
Brain stem
Bilateral cerebral hemispheres

22
Q

T/F: Facial involvement is usually seen in brain lesions.

A

True

23
Q

Paraparesis is caused by:

A

spinal cord lesions

24
Q

Hemiparesis caused by:

A

Brain stem lesions

Cerebral hemisphere lesions

25
Q

T/F: Hemiparesis involves the ipsilateral site of lesion

A

False.

Contralateral

26
Q

Sensory loss caused by:

A

Peripheral nerve lesions
Spinal cord lesions
Brainstem lesions

27
Q

Coordinations associated with ____

A

cerebellar lesions

28
Q

Lesions in BOTH dominant and non-dominant cerebral cortex cause all except which?
A. Contralateral hemiparesis (UMN)
B. Ipsilateral hemi-sensory loss
C. Contralateral visual field loss (homonymous hemianopia)
D. Miild dysarthria

A

B. Contralateral hemi-sensory loss

29
Q

Aphasia, aparaxia, acalculia, alexia are specific to what kind of lesion?

A

Dominant cerebral cortex

30
Q

Neglect, anosognosia, asomatognsia, aprosody are specific to what kind of lesion?

A

Non-dominant cerebral cortex

anosognosia = lack of awareness
asomatognsia = lack of awareness of all/part of the body 
aprosody = lack of variations in normal speech characteristics
31
Q 
All of the following are signs of deep cerebral hemisphere (basal ganglia, internal capsule, thalamus) EXCEPT:
A. Contralateral hemiparesis (UMN)
B. Contralateral hemi-sensory loss
C. Aphasia
D. Dysarthria
A

C.

32
Q

Most common sign of thalamic lesions

A

Contralateral sensory loss w/ or w/o weakenss

33
Q

Abnormal ocular motility
Disturbed consciousness/sleep-wake cycle
Behavioral or cognitive impairments
These are all signs of ____ lesion.

A

Thalamic

34
Q

CN lesions are (ipsilateral/contralateral).

A

Ipsilateral

Cause sensory/motor loss on affected side

35
Q

T/F: Midbrain lesions are more common than medullary or pontine lesions.

A

False

36
Q

Which of the following is NOT a sign of midbrain lesions?
A. 3, 4 nerve palsies, internuclear ophthalmoplegia
B. Contralateral hemiparesis, sensory loss
C. Disturbed sleep-wake cycle, impaired consciousness
D. Vertical gaze palsies
E. Diplopia

A

E. Diplopia is sign of pontine lesions

37
Q 
Which of the following are signs of unilateral involvement of pontine lesions?
A. Contralateral 5, 6, 7 gaze palsy
B. Ipsilateral sensory, motor signs
C. Ipsilateral cerebellar signs
D. Coma
A

C

A. Ipsilateral
B. Contralateral
D. Caused by bilateral involvement

38
Q 
Which of the following is NOT a sign of bilateral involvement of pontine lesions?
A. Coma 
B. Quadriparesis
C. Facial weakness
D. Sensory loss
E. Locked in syndrome
F. Small pupils
G. Abnormal lateral eye movements
A

D. Sign of unilateral involvement

39
Q

Which of the following is NOT a sign of a medullary lesion?
A. Ipsilateral ataxia, nystagmus, Horner syndrome
B. Contralateral facial sensory loss/contralateral limb sensory
C. Ipsilateral 12 and contralateral hemiparesis

A

B. Ipsilateral

Medullary signs are usually unilateral.

40
Q

Lesion to cerebellar floccular-nodular causes:

A

Visual, vestibular symptoms

41
Q

Lesion of cerebellar vermis/ para-vermian causes:

A

Truncal and midlne symptoms

Truncal/gait ataxia, dysarthria

42
Q

Lesion to cerebellar hemisphere causes:

A

Corticospinal, upper extremity signs

Dysmetria, dyssynergia, tremor, dysdiadochokinesia

43
Q

What kind of lesion?

Nausea, vomiting, vertigo, dysarthria, limb incoordination, trouble walking, drunk

A

Cerebellar lesion

MOHD4 Exam 4 Brain Stuff (11 decks)

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