Intro to Normal Gait

Question 1

what is stance phase

Answer 1

entire period the limb is in contact with the ground

60% of gait cycle

Question 2

what is the swing phase

Answer 2

begins when the foot comes off the ground

40% of gait cycle

Question 3

what is the Ranchos Los Amigos gait phase terminology

Answer 3

initial contact
loading response
midstance
terminal stance
preswing

initial swing
mid swing
terminal swing

Question 4

what is the standard gait cycle terminology

Answer 4

heel strike
foot flat
midstance
heel off
toe off

acceleration
midswing
deceleration

Question 5

when in the gait cycle can you observe the functional task of weight acceptance

Answer 5

during initial contact and loading response

impact of GRF is rapidly absorbed by outstretched limb

body continues of forward path while stability is maintained

both feet in contact with ground

Question 6

when can you observe single limb support

Answer 6

mid stance and terminal stance

weight transferred from metatarsal heads and heel comes off ground

Question 7

when can you observe swing limb advancement

Answer 7

preswing, initial swing, mid swing, and terminal swing

limb unloaded when off gorund

limb moved from behind body to front

Question 8

initial contact stage is important for

Answer 8

positioning limb to start stance

Question 9

loading response is important for

Answer 9

shock absorption

WB stability

fwd progresison

Question 10

mid stance is important for

Answer 10

progression of COG over BOS

limb and trunk stability

Question 11

terminal stance is important for

Answer 11

progression of COG beyond BOS

Question 12

preswing is important for

Answer 12

positioning limb for swing

Question 13

initial swing is important for

Answer 13

foot clearance if floor

limb advancement from trailing position

Question 14

mid swing is important for

Answer 14

limb advancement

foot clearance from floor

Question 15

terminal swing is important for

Answer 15

complete limb advancement

preparation for stance

Question 16

a gait speed < 0.4 m/s predicts

Answer 16

longer length of stay in acute care

likely discharger to SNF

Question 17

a gait speed < 0.6 m/s

Answer 17

predicts future risk of falls and hospitalization

tend to require assitance in ADLs

need greater than 0.49 to cross street safely

Question 18

a gait speed < 1 m/s suggests

Answer 18

benefit for fall prevention

> 0.67 m/s to complete self care
0.89 for household activities

Question 19

gait speed needed to complete yard work

Answer 19

1.1 m/s

Question 20

gait speed needed to climb stairs

Answer 20

1.3 m/s

Question 21

temporal gait variables

Answer 21

cadence (number of steps per minutes)

stance time

swing time

double support time

single support time

Question 22

spatial gait variables

Answer 22

stride length (avg 56 in)

step length (avg 28 in)

step/base width

Question 23

hip flx/ext ROM requirements for normal gait

Answer 23

flx = 0-30

ext = 0-10

Question 24

knee flx/ext required for normal gait

Answer 24

flx = 0-60

ext = 0

Question 25

ankle DF/PF required for normal gait

Answer 25

DF = 0-10

PF = 0-20

Question 26

foot slap indicates

Answer 26

lack of eccentric activation of the dorsiflexors

Question 27

high stepping gait indicates

Answer 27

weak dorsiflexors and foot drop

compensated with increased hip and knee flexion

Question 28

weak quadriceps gait causes the line of gravoty to go where

Answer 28

anterior to medial lateral axis of RT

Question 29

trendelenberg gait is indicated by what

Answer 29

opposite side of pelvis drops

weak hip abductors

Question 30

compensated response for trendelenburg gait

Answer 30

line of gravity shifted toward weak hip

weak hip abd

Question 31

what is posterior lurch gait

Answer 31

ext of hip posterior to medial lateral axis due to gravity

Question 32

what are the steps for gait cycle observation

Answer 32

observe

record any deviations

determine if any are significant enough to interfere with functional tasks

consider all possible causes of deviation

determine most likely causes based on impairment testing

determine appropriate interventions

implement treatment

reassess later to determine effectiveness