Intro to ogranic- ORGANIC I P2

Question 1

Define homologous series

Answer 1

a family of hydrocarbons that have similar chemical properties

Question 2

features of a homologous series

Answer 2

same functional groups
similar chemical properties
same general formula
differ by a CH2
physical properties show trends

Question 3

alkane general formula

Answer 3

CnH2n+2

Question 4

alkene general formula

Answer 4

CnH2n

Question 5

cycloalkane general formula

Answer 5

CnH2n

Question 6

define structural isomers

Answer 6

molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 7

types of structural isomers

Answer 7

chain
position
functional group

Question 8

types of stereoisomers

Answer 8

optical
geometric (E/Z)

Question 9

define stereoisomers

Answer 9

same structural formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space

Question 10

how do E/Z isomers arise

Answer 10

molecule has a C=C which restricts rotation
each carbon on the C=C double bond has two different groups

Answer 11

To produce substances which are (more) in demand / produce products with a
high value / products worth more
Ignore ‘to make more useful substances’

Answer 12

Thermal cracking
If not thermal cracking, CE = 0/2
If blank mark on
1
High temperature
Allow ‘high heat’ for ‘high temperature’
(400°C < T < 900°C) or (650 K < T < 1200 K)
Not ‘heat’ alone
If no T, units must be 650 – 900
and
High pressure (> 10 atm, > 1 MPa, >1000 kPa)

Answer 13

Crude oil

Answer 14

Fractional distillation

Question 15

Use of ethene

Answer 16

Different boiling points