Intro to Oncology

Question 1

Common sites of metastases (4)

Answer 1

Brain
Lung
Liver
Bone

Question 2

What cancer is caused by theses dz?
HPV

Answer 2

Cervical cancer

Question 3

What cancer is caused by theses dz?
Hepatitis B/Hepatitis C

Answer 3

Liver cancer

Question 4

What cancer is caused by theses dz?
Epstein-Barr

Answer 4

Lymphoma (mono)

Question 5

What cancer is caused by theses dz?
Human Herpes Virus 8

Answer 5

Kaposi’s sarcoma

Question 6

What cancer is caused by theses dz?
HIV

Answer 6

Lymphoma, Kaposi’s sarcoma

Question 7

What cancer is caused by theses dz?
Helicobacter pylori

Answer 7

Stomach ulcers, lymphoma in the stomach lining

Question 8

What is Primary Prevention? (2)

Answer 8

Health promotion & illness prevention
Reduction of cancer mortality via reduction in the incidence of cancer

Question 9

Primary accomplished by? (6)

Answer 9

Avoiding a carcinogen
Adequate & proper nutrition
Stress reduction
Lifestyle changes
Dietary changes
Smoking Cessation

Question 10

Goal of secondary prevention?

Answer 10

Halt the progress of cancer through early screening & diagnosis

Question 11

Secondary prevention types? (4)

Answer 11

Screening (self breast & testicular exams)
Diagnosis & treatment of illness
Mammogram
Colonoscopy

Question 12

Goal of tertiary prevention?

Answer 12

Prevent further deterioration, while promoting restoration.

Question 13

Tertiary prevention types?

Answer 13

Disease treatment & rehabilitation
Health restoration

Question 14

What is screening and the goal?

Answer 14

Look for cancer before symptoms appear
Find cancer in the early stages

Question 15

Types of screening? (4)

Answer 15

Physical exam
Lab tests
Imaging procedures
Genetic testing

Question 16

What age does Colorectal Screening Guidelines start?

Answer 16

45 years old

Question 17

Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) exam schedule?

Answer 17

Yearly

Question 18

Flexible Sigmoidoscopy exam schedule?

Answer 18

Every 5 years

Question 19

Colonoscopy exam schedule?

Answer 19

Every 10 years

Question 20

What’s the #1 reason women don’t do SBE?

Answer 20

They do not know how to do it

Question 21

What is CAUTION (7)?

Answer 21

Change in bowel or bladder habits
A sore that does not heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Thickening or lump in breast or else where
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
Obvious change in a wart or mole
Nagging cough or hoarseness

Question 22

TNM system of staging?
T
N
M

Answer 22

Size of primary tumor
Number of lymph nodes involved
Extent of metastasis

Question 23

Staging: Tumor Size x-4 (7)

Answer 23

TX: Tumor size can’t be measured
T0: No primary tumor, or can’t be found
Tis: Tumor is “in situ” (best of both worlds)
T1: Small or early stage
T2: Confined to original area
T3: Has spread to surrounding tissues
T4: Large, advanced stage cancer

Question 24

Staging: Number of Nodes x-4 (5)

Answer 24

NX: Nearby nodes can’t be tested/evaluated
N0: Lymph nodes are cancer free
N1: Cancer cells have reached one node
N2: Cancer spread to more than one node
N3: Cancer in lymph nodes extensive/widespread

Question 25

Staging: Extent of Metastasis x-1 (3)

Answer 25

MX: Unknown if cancer has spread M0: No distant metastases were found M1: Cancer has spread to one or more distant parts of the body

Question 26

In situ?

Answer 26

still in the original tissue layer

Question 27

Localized?

Answer 27

still in the original organ

Question 28

Regional?

Answer 28

spread to nearby lymph nodes or organs

Question 29

Distant?

Answer 29

spread to distant body parts

Question 30

What is Carcinoembryonic Antigen or CEA?

Answer 30

Its used as a tumor marker that measures the effectiveness of treatment.