Intro To Organic Chem Flashcards
(19 cards)
Organic chemistry is
The chemistry of compounds of carbon.
Molecular formula is
The actual number of atoms of each element present in a molecule.
Empirical formula is
The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a molecule.
Structural formula shows
How the atoms in a molecule are arranged.
Displayed formula shows
All the atoms and bonds in a molecule.
Skeletal formula shows
The shape of the carbon skeleton.
Homologous series is
A family of compounds containing the same functional group and having the same general formula but having a different carbon chain length, each successive member has an extra CH2. For example, alkenes.
A functional group is
An atom or group of atoms which gives an organic compound its particular chemical properties (reactions).
Amines
Amines have:
-the functional group NH2
-the suffix amine
-an example is ethylamine (C2H7N)
Alcohols
Alcohols have:
-functional group OH
-suffix -ol
-an example is butan-1-ol (C4H10O)
Ketones
Ketones have:
-functional group of CCdoubleO
-suffix -one
-an example butan-2-one (C4H8O)
Aldehydes
Aldehydes have:
-the functional group CHdoubleO
-the suffix -al
Nitriles
Nitriles have:
-functional group CtripleN
-the suffix -nitrile
Acyl chlorides
Acyl chlorides have:
-functional group ClCdoubleO
-the suffix -oyl chloride
Esters
Esters have:
-functional group COCdoubleO
-the suffix -oate
Carboxylic acids
Carboxylic acids have:
-functional group of a COHdoubleO
-the suffix -oic acid
Define Hydrocarbons, Saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons - compounds containing carbon and hydrogen atoms only.
Saturated hydrocarbons - contain single carbon-carbon bonds only.
Unsaturated hydrocarbons - contain one or more carbon-carbon double bonds.
Structural isomers are
Compounds with the same molecular formula but a different structural formula.
Stereo isomers are
Compounds with the same structural formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space (E/Z isomers or optical isomers).
