Intro to Organic Chemistry

Question 1

It is the chemistry of the compounds of carbon.

Answer 1

Organic chemistry

Question 2

Organic chemistry focuses on carbon and only a few other elements—chiefly, _______, _______, _______.

Answer 2

hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

Question 3

There are ___ known elements.

Answer 3

116

Question 4

WHY STUDY CARBON?

Answer 4

1. Organic compound can be made from inorganic
   source.
2. The sheer number of organic compounds.
3. Biochemicals, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), hormones, vitamins, and almost all other important chemicals in living systems are organic compounds.

Question 5

True or False. In the early days of chemistry, scientists thought organic compounds were those produced by living organisms.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

True or False. In the early days of chemistry, scientists thought that inorganic compounds were those found in rocks and other nonliving matter.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Who disproved the theory that organic compounds were those produced by living organisms, and inorganic compounds were those found in rocks and other nonliving matter?

Answer 7

Friedrich Wöhler in 1828

Question 8

What organic compound did Friedrich Wöhler found when he heated an aqueous solution of
ammonium chloride and silver cyanate?

Answer 8

urea (can be found from urine)

Question 9

Whose definition of organic compound is this?

“organic compounds
are those containing carbon”

Answer 9

August Kekulé

Question 10

Approximately ____ of all known compounds are organic compounds.

Answer 10

85%

Question 11

True or False. In organic compounds, bonding is almost entirely covalent.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

True or False. Many of the organic compounds, are solid.

Answer 12

False. Many of the organic compounds, are gases, liquids, or solid.

Question 13

True or False. Organic compounds are mostly soluble in water.

Answer 13

False. Most are INSOLUBLE.

Question 14

True or False. Organic compounds, are mostly soluble in organic solvents.

Answer 14

True.

Ex: diethyl ether, toluene, and dichloromethane

Question 15

True or False. In organic compounds, aqueous solutions don’t conduct electricity.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

True or False. Almost all organic compounds burn and decompose.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

True or False. In organic compounds, reactions are quite fast.

Answer 17

False. Reactions are SLOW.

Question 18

True or False. In organic compounds, reactions are quite fast.

Answer 18

False. Reactions are SLOW.

Question 19

True or False. Most inorganic compounds have metallic bonds.

Answer 19

False. Most have IONIC BONDS.

Question 20

True or False. Most inorganic compounds are solids with high melting points.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

True or False. Many inorganic compounds are soluble in water.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

True or False. A few inorganic compounds are insoluble in organic solvents.

Answer 22

False. ALMOST ALL are insoluble in organic solvents.

Question 23

True or False. In inorganic compounds, aqueous solutions form molecules that conduct electricity.

Answer 23

False. They form IONS that conduct electricity.

Question 24

True or False. Very few inorganic compounds burn.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

True or False. In inorganic compounds, reactions are very fast.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

WHERE DO WE OBTAIN ORGANIC | COMPOUNDS?

Answer 26

1. Isolation from Nature | 2. Synthesis in the Laboratory

Question 27

3 other important sources | of organic compounds:

Answer 27

1. natural gas 2. petroleum 3. coal

Question 28

The ________ refers to the tendency of atoms to prefer to have eight electrons in the valence shell.

Answer 28

octet rule

Question 29

True or False. The electronic configuration of noble gases is particularly stable.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Atoms can form either _____ or _____ bonds to | satisfy the octet rule.

Answer 30

ionic or covalent

Question 31

In ________ atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve the electronic configuration of the nearest noble gas.

Answer 31

ionic bonding

Question 32

It is the ability of an atom to attract electrons.

Answer 32

Electronegativity

Question 33

What element is the most electronegative atom and can stabilize excess electron density the best?

Answer 33

Fluorine

Question 34

This bonding occur between atoms of similar | electronegativity.

Answer 34

Covalent bonds

Question 35

It is the bonding wherein atoms share valence electrons.

Answer 35

Covalent bonding

Question 36

The number of valence electrons is equal to the _____ number of the atom.

Answer 36

group

Question 37

True or False. If the molecule is an ion, electrons are added (when negative) or subtracted (when positive) to give it the proper charge.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

A ________ is a positive or negative charge on an | individual atom.

Answer 38

formal charge

Question 39

Formula of the formal charge

Answer 39

Formal Charge = (no. valence e-) – (no. of covalent bonds) – (no. of unshared e-s)

Question 40

What is the valency of carbon?

Answer 40

Tetravalent

Question 41

What is the valency of oxygen?

Answer 41

Divalent

Question 42

What is the valency of hydrogen and halogen?

Answer 42

Monovalent

Question 43

_______ are different molecules with the same | molecular formula.

Answer 43

Isomers

Question 44

A theory by which the actual normal state of a molecule is represented not by a single valence-bond structure but by a combination of several alternative distinct structures.

Answer 44

Resonance theory

Question 45

It is a model used in chemistry to predict the geometry of individual molecules from the number of electron pairs surrounding their central atoms.

Answer 45

The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Model

Question 46

_________ is a molecular shape that results when there are four bonds and no lone pairs around the central atom in the molecule.

Answer 46

Tetrahedral

Question 47

A ________ is a molecular geometry with one atom at the apex and three atoms at the corners of a trigonal base.

Answer 47

trigonal pyramid

Question 48

Molecules with a non-collinear arrangement of two adjacent bonds have bent molecular geometry or also known as _______

Answer 48

V-shaped

Question 49

It is a molecular geometry model with one atom at the center and three atoms at the corners of an equilateral triangle.

Answer 49

trigonal planar

Question 50

It is a molecule in which atoms are deployed in a straight line.

Answer 50

Linear molecule

Question 51

We call the atoms or groups of atoms of an organic molecule that undergo predictable chemical reactions a __________.

Answer 51

functional group

Question 52

In a trigonal planar structure, what do you call the three atoms at the corners of an equilateral triangle?

Answer 52

peripheral atoms