Intro to Ortho Flashcards
patients presenting with MSK problems usually have one of the following:
- pain
- deformity
- weakness/parathesia
What does a PE include for ortho?
IPRSSN inspect palpate ROM strength stability/special exams neurovasuclar status
Presence of swelling:
effusion = ?
softe tissue swelling =?
bursa=
effusion = intraarticular
soft tissue swelling - extraarticular
bursa= “goose egg”
how should you measure ROM?
with a goniometer
describe the manual muscle 5 point scale:
5 - normal
4+= submax agaisnt resistance
4= mod against resistance
4-= slight against resistance
3= movement against gravity, but not resistance
2= movement with gravity eliminated (hand turned to side)
1= flicker of movement
0 = no movment
when is neuromuscular status particularly important?
during trauma.
long bone imaging should include the joints ____ and ____ injury
above and below the injury
images should be obtained in at least ____ planes _____ to each other
two planes perpendicular to each other
When do you use radiography? when do you not use radiography?
Indications
o Injury or deformity of a bone or joint
o Inability to use the extremity or joint
o Unexplained pain and localized tenderness in a bone or joint
o Follow-up of MSK disease
Radiography CONTRAINDICATIONS:
o Musculoskeletal conditions that involve primarily soft tissues in early stages or that produce minimal to no changes in the bone
• e.g. patellar chondromalacia
o Pregnancy
what is radiolucent?
radioopaque?
o Radiolucent: Descriptive term indicating permeability of the x-ray beam through a structure
• Soft tissues
• Air/Gases
o Radiopaque: Descriptive term indicating impermeability of x-rays through a structure
• Bone
• Metallic Hardware
What is MRI good for?
superior contrast resolution
good for soft tissues
**gadolinium–> safer than iodine based dyes and can be used in renal insufficiency
- GOOD FOR MARROW (m= marrow, mri)
NO RADIATION
What are the limitations of an MRI?
- prone to more artifact such as motion blur and metal scatter
MAGNET IS NOT COMPATIBLE WITH PACEMAKERS, HEART VALVES, METAL FB IN EYE, TATTOOS
- can take a long time
- costly
- small machine
What is T1 and T2?
t1= anatomy t2= swelling/pathology
Describe CTs:
uses X-rays to produce slices.
radiation exposure
What are the advantages of CTs:
higher contrast resolutions
lower cost than MRI
produces good images of the lung and bone
can be turned digital
