Intro to Para

Question 1

Interaction between two species

Answer 1

Symbiosis

Question 2

Symbiotic relationship where one species is benefited while the other has no effect

Answer 2

Commensalism

Question 3

Symbiotic relationship where one species feeds on a living host

Answer 3

Parasitic

Question 4

Symbiotic relationship where two species benefit from each other

Answer 4

Mutualistic

Question 5

Study of parasites, their hosts, and the relationship between them

Answer 5

Parasitology

Question 6

Most parasitic infections are found in these environments

Answer 6

Underdeveloped tropical and subtropical countries

Question 7

Type of diseases that are large burdens in rich and poor countries

Answer 7

Type I (Examples include Hepatitis B, measles, cardiovascular diseases, tobacco-related illnesses)

Question 8

Type of diseases that are a burden in poor countries

Answer 8

Type II (Examples include HIV/AIDS, TB)

Question 9

Type of diseases that are overwhelmingly/exclusively in poor countries

Answer 9

Type III (Examples include sleeping sickness, river blindness, buruli ulcer, Chagas, leprosy, dengue, leishmaniasis, guinea worm)

Question 10

Adaptations for Parasitism

Answer 10

• Various penetration glands
• Cyst
• Hooks and suckers for adhesion
• Increased reproductive capacity
• Sense organs are poorly developed

Question 11

Parasites that can only complete their life cycle with a host

Answer 11

Obligate Parasites

Question 12

Parasites that can complete their life cycle without a host

Answer 12

Facultative/Free-living Parasites

Question 13

Parasites that live inside the body of the host

Answer 13

Endoparasite

Question 14

Parasites that live outside the body of the host

Answer 14

Ectoparasites

Question 15

Host that it is not the typical host for a parasite

Answer 15

Accidental Host

Question 16

Host that readily allows a parasite to infect

Answer 16

Permissive Host

Question 17

The final host in a parasite’s life cycle where the parasite reaches adulthood and reproduces sexually

Answer 17

Definitive Host

Question 18

The host that harbors a parasite during its asexual development stage. Often required for the parasite to complete its life cycle

Answer 18

Intermediate Host

Question 19

Host that prevents a parasite from completing its life cycle

Answer 19

Incidental/Dead-End Host

Question 20

Host in a parasite’s life cycle where the parasite remains alive and infectious but does not undergo any further development

Answer 20

Paratenic/Transport Host

Question 21

Hosts that harbor a disease-causing parasite but are asymptomatic (long term host)

Answer 21

Reservoir Hosts

Question 22

Hosts that harbor a disease-causing parasite but are asymptomatic and do not maintain it in the population (temporary host)

Answer 22

Carrier Hosts

Question 23

Responsible for transmitting
the parasite from one host to
another

Answer 23

Vector

Question 24

Vectors that spread disease by becoming infected with the pathogen

Answer 24

Biological Vector

Question 25

Vectors that spread disease by carrying the pathogen on their bodies

Answer 25

Mechanical Vector

Question 26

Stage when a parasite can infect a host

Answer 26

Infective Stage

Question 27

Stage when a parasite can be detected using the naked eye or with laboratory methods

Answer 27

Diagnostic Stage

Question 28

Transmission to humans of parasites normally found in wild and domestic animals

Answer 28

Zoonosis

Question 29

The cycle between vectors and humans in urban areas

Answer 29

Domestic Cycle/Urban Cycle

Question 30

The cycle between vectors and humans in natural areas

Answer 30

Sylvatic Cycle