intro to paracsv

Question 1

This branch of parasitology is concerned primarily with the animal parasites of humans and their medical significance, as well as their importance in human communities.

Answer 1

Medical Parasitology

Question 2

_______________ is a branch of medicine which deals with tropical diseases and other special medical problems of tropical regions.

Answer 2

Tropical Medicine

Question 3

__________ is the living together of unlike organisms.

Answer 3

Symbiosis

Question 4

A symbiotic relationship in which two species live together and one species benefits from the relationship without harming or benefiting the other.

Answer 4

Commensalism

Question 5

A symbiosis in which two organisms mutually benefit from each other like termites and the flagellates in their digestive system.

Answer 5

Mutualism

Question 6

A symbiotic relationship where one organism, the parasite, lives in or on another, depending on the latter for its survival and usually at the expense of the host.

Answer 6

Parasitism

Question 7

TRUE or FALSE: The presence of an endoparasite is called an infestation.

Answer 7

FALSE.The presence of an endoparasite is called an INFECTION. While the presence of an ectoparasite is called an INFESTATION.

Question 8

A parasite is considered ________ when it is found in an organ which is not its usual habitat.

Answer 8

Erratic

Question 9

Most parasites are ___________ in that they need a host at some stage of their cycle to complete their development and to propagate their species.A. Obligate parasitesB. Facultative parasites

Answer 9

A. Obligate parasites

Question 10

TRUE or FALSE: A facultative parasite may exist in a free-living state or may become parasitic when the need arises.

Answer 10

TRUE

Question 11

A parasite which establishes itself in a host where it does not ordinarily live.A. Facultative parasiteB. Obligate parasiteC. Permanent parasiteD. Accidental parasite

Answer 11

D. Accidental parasite

Question 12

A free-living organism that passes through the digestive tract without infecting the host.A. Facultative parasiteB. Obligate parasiteC. Spurious parasiteD. Accidental parasite

Answer 12

C. Spurious parasite

Question 13

The ________ host is on which the parasite attains sexual maturity.

Answer 13

Definitive or Final

Question 14

The intermediate host harbors which stage of the parasite?

Answer 14

Asexual or larval

Question 15

This type of host is one in which does not develop further to later stages.A. Reservoir hostB. Final hostC. Paratenic hostD. Intermediate host

Answer 15

C. Paratenic host

Question 16

They allow the parasite’s life cycle to continue and become additional sources of human infection.A. Reservoir hostB. Final hostC. Paratenic hostD. Intermediate host

Answer 16

A. Reservoir host

Question 17

___________ are responsible for transmitting the parasite from one host to another.

Answer 17

Vectors

Question 18

A ________ vector transmits the parasite only after the latter has completed its development within the host.

Answer 18

Biologic

Question 19

TRUE or FALSE: A mechanical or phoretic vector only transports the parasite.

Answer 19

TRUE

Question 20

A _________ harbors a particular pathogen without manifesting any signs and symptoms.

Answer 20

Carrier

Question 21

This describes the period between infection and evidence of symptoms.

Answer 21

Incubation period

Question 22

The period between infection or acquisition of the parasite and evidence of demonstration of infection.

Answer 22

Pre-patent period or biologic incubation period

Question 23

The following are correctly paired EXCEPT:A. Cercariae of Schistosoma : SchistosomaiasisB. Triatoma bugs : Trypanosoma cruziC. Bullastra snails : Echinostoma malayanumD. Toxoplasma : Chagas’ disease

Answer 23

D. Toxoplasma : Chagas’ diseaseChagas’ disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi.

Question 24

TRUE or FALSE: Toxoplasma gondii trophozoites can cross the placental barrier during pregnancy.

Answer 24

TRUE

Question 25

The following infective larval stages of these organisms are food-borne EXCEPT:A. Taenia soliumB. Diphyllobothrium latumC. Taenia saginataD. Entamoeba histolytica

Answer 25

D. Entamoeba histolytica

Question 26

___________ is defined as a permanent reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of infection caused by a specific agent, as a result of deliberate efforts. Once this is achieved, continued measures are no longer needed.

Answer 26

Eradication

Question 27

______________ is a reduction to zero of the incidence of a specified disease in a defined geographic area as a result of deliberate efforts. Continued intervention or surveillance measures are still required.

Answer 27

Elimination

Question 28

The following are characteristics of nematodes EXCEPT:A. Elongated and cylindrical in shapeB. Bilaterally symmetricalC. Dioecious D. Have an incomplete digestive tract

Answer 28

D. Have an incomplete digestive tract

Question 29

The following are considered asphamid worms EXCEPT:A. TrichinellaB. TrichurisC. SecernentiaD. Capillaria

Answer 29

C. Secernentia

Question 30

The following are correctly paired EXCEPT:A. Ascaris : AscarididaB. Enterobius : OxyuridaC. Stronglyoides : RhabditidaD. None of the above

Answer 30

D. None of the above

Question 31

The following species of nematodes reside in the small intestines EXCEPT:A. TrichurisB. HookwormsC. StrongyloidesD. Capillaria

Answer 31

A. Trichuris

Question 32

The following are paired correctly EXCEPT:A. Brugia : lymph nodesB. Angiostrongylus : eyes and meningesC. Trichinella : colonD. Wuchereria : lymph vessels

Answer 32

C. Trichinella : colon

Question 33

The following statements are correct EXCEPT:A. Flatworms are generally dorso-ventrally flattened with bilateral symmetry.B. Cestodes are not provided with a digestive tract while trematodes have an incomplete one.C. Trematodes have a circulatory system while Nematodes lack one.D. Adult tapeworms are hermaphroditic.

Answer 33

C. Trematodes have a circulatory system while Nematodes lack oneBoth Nematodes and Cestodes lack a circulatory system.

Question 34

TRUE or FALSE: Adult tapeworms are found in the intestines of the definitive host and the larval stage is encysted in the tissues of the intermediate host.

Answer 34

TRUE

Question 35

The main organ of attachment of the tapeworm to the definitive host.

Answer 35

Scolex

Question 36

TRUE or FALSE: Segments or proglottids most distal from the neck are immature.

Answer 36

FALSE. Segments or proglottids most distal from the neck are gravid segments. Those that are near the neck are immature.

Question 37

The following characteristics are true for Pseudophyllidean tapeworms EXCEPT:A. Presence of uterine poreB. Operculated eggsC. Scolex is globular with four muscular suckersD. Developed embryo is called coracidium

Answer 37

C. Scolex is globular with four muscular suckers

Question 38

TRUE or FALSE: Non-operculated Cyclophyllidean eggs are passed out readily containing the hexacanth embryo.

Answer 38

TRUE

Question 39

The following are paired correctly EXCEPT:A. Taenia : cysticerus typeB. Hymenolepis : cysticercoid typeC. Dipylidium : hyatid typeD. None of the above

Answer 39

C. Dipylidium : hyatid type

Question 40

Ventral sucker of trematodes are called _________.

Answer 40

Acetabulum

Question 41

TRUE or FALSE: Trematodes are hermaphroditic.

Answer 41

TRUE

Question 42

Infective stage for the trematodes is the encysted larva, the _____________.

Answer 42

Metacercaria

Question 43

The adult Paragonimus is found in which organ parenchyma?

Answer 43

Lungs

Question 44

They are found in the mesenteric veins hence are called blood flukes.

Answer 44

Adult schistosomes

Question 45

The simplest technique in stool examination.

Answer 45

Direct Fecal Smear (DFS)

Question 46

Direct Fecal Smear is used to detect the following EXCEPT:A. Protozoan cystsB. TrohozoitesC. Helminth larvaeD. Helminth eggs

Answer 46

C. Helminth larvae

Question 47

TRUE or FALSE: Soft, diarrheic and watery stools can be better examined using the Modified Kato Thick Smear.

Answer 47

FALSE

Question 48

Solution used to dilute the fecal sample on the slide in DFS.

Answer 48

Normal Saline Solution (NSS)

Question 49

DFS uses how many mg of stool sample?

Answer 49

2 mg

Question 50

TRUE or FALSE: The Modified Kato Thick Smear is used to detect the presence of helminth eggs in stool samples.

Answer 50

TRUE

Question 51

TRUE or FALSE: In Pseudophyllidean worms, eggs encyst as procercoid larvae in intermediate hosts, and turns into plerocercoid larvae in the second intermediate hosts.

Answer 51

TRUE