Intro to Parasitology 1

Question 1

two species live together and one species benefits from the

relationship without harming or benefiting the other

Answer 1

Commensalism

Question 2

example of commensalism

Answer 2

Entamoeba coli

Question 3

a form of a protozoan in the intestinal lumen

is supplied with nourishment and protected from harm but DOES NOT cause any tissue damage to its host

Answer 3

Entamoeba coli

Question 4

two organisms mutually benefit from each other

Answer 4

Mutualism

Question 5

termites and flagellates in the digestive system are examples of?

Answer 5

Mutualism

Question 6

relationship between species, where one organism (parasite) lives on or in another organism (host) causing harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life

Answer 6

Parasitism

Question 7

example of Parasitism

Answer 7

Entamoeba histolytica

Question 8

a parasite living inside the body of a host

Answer 8

endoparasite

Question 9

a parasite living outside the body of a host

Answer 9

ectoparasite

Question 10

the presence of an endoparasite in a host

Answer 10

infection

Question 11

the presence of an ectoparasite on a host

Answer 11

infestation

Question 12

a parasite found in an organ which is not its usual habitat

Answer 12

erratic

Question 13

they need a host at some stage of their life cycle to complete their development and to propagate their species and depends entirely upon their host for existence

Answer 13

obligate parasites

Question 14

may exist in a free-living state or may become parasitic when the need arises

Answer 14

facultative parasite

Question 15

Plasmodium sp. which causes malaria is an example of?

Answer 15

obligate parasites

Question 16

Naegleria fowleri is an example of?

Answer 16

facultative parasite

Question 17

a parasite which establishes itself in a host where it does not ordinarily live

Answer 17

accidental / incidental parasite

Question 18

remains on or in the body of the host for its entire life

Answer 18

permanent parasite

Question 19

lives on the host only for a short period of time

Answer 19

temporary parasite

Question 20

Filarial worms and Wuchereria bancrofti which causes the disease known as elephantiasis in man are examples of?

Answer 20

permanent parasite

Question 21

Dipylidium caninum which infects dogs but can also infect humans are examples of?

Answer 21

accidental / incidental parasite

Question 22

a free-living organism that passes through the digestive tract without infecting the host

Answer 22

spurious parasite

Question 23

is one in which the parasite attains sexual maturity

Answer 23

definitive or final

Question 24

harbors the asexual or larval stage of the parasite

Answer 24

intermediate

Question 25

one in which the parasite does not develop further to later stages, the parasite remains alive and is able to infect another susceptible host

Answer 25

paratenic

Question 26

all the parasite’s life cycle to continue and become additional sources of human infection

Answer 26

reservoir

Question 27

carries parasites that can multiply within their bodies and be delivered to new hosts

Answer 27

biologic

Question 28

only transports parasite, it picks up infectious agents outside their body and transmit them through physical contact

Answer 28

mechanical / phoretic

Question 29

harbors a particular pathogen without manifesting any signs and symptoms

Answer 29

carrier

Question 30

process of inoculating an infective agent

Answer 30

exposure

Question 31

the establishment of the infective agent in the host

Answer 31

infection

Question 32

period between infection and evidence of symptoms

Answer 32

incubation period

Question 33

incubation period referred to as _________

Answer 33

clinical incubation period

Question 34

pre-patent period referred to as _________

Answer 34

biologic incubation period

Question 35

period between infection of the parasite and evidence of infection

Answer 35

pre-patent period

Question 36

when the parasite has invaded the human host but has not yet caused pathological changes that reveals its presence by causing a symptoms

Answer 36

pre-patent period

Question 37

infected individual becomes his own direct source of infection

Answer 37

auto-infection

Question 38

the already infected individual is further infected with the same species leading to a massive infection with the parasites

Answer 38

superinfection

Question 39

study of patterns, distribution, and occurrence of diseases

Answer 39

epidemiology

Question 40

the number of new cases of infection appearing in a population in a given period of time

Answer 40

incidence

Question 41

number of individuals in a population estimated to be infected with a particular parasite species at a given time (%)

Answer 41

prevalence

Question 42

% of individuals in a population infected with at least one parasite

Answer 42

cumulative prevalence

Question 43

burned of infection which is related to the number of worms per infected person

Answer 43

intensity of infection

Question 44

directly measured by counting expelled worms during treatment, indirectly by counting helminth eggs excreted in feces measured in eggs per gram (epg)

Answer 44

STH (soil-transmitted helminthiases)

Question 45

clinical consequence of infection that affect an individual’s well being

Answer 45

morbidity

Question 46

the use of antihelmenthic drugs

Answer 46

deworming

Question 47

(%) the number of previously positive subjects found to be egg-negative on examination of a sample using a standard procedure at a set time after deworming

Answer 47

cure rate

Question 48

the % fall of egg counts after deworming based on examination of a stool or urine sample using a standard procedure at a set time after the treatment

Answer 48

egg reduction rate

Question 49

involves individual-level deworming with selection for treatment based on a diagnosis of infection or an assessment of the intensity of infection or based on presumptive grounds

Answer 49

selective treatment

Question 50

group-level deworming where the risk group to be treated (without prior diagnosis) may be defined by age, sex, or other social characteristics irrespective of infection status

Answer 50

targeted treatment

Question 51

population-level deworming in which the community is treated irrespective of age, sex, infection status, or other social characteristics

Answer 51

universal treatment

Question 52

proportion of the target population reached by intervention

Answer 52

coverage

Question 53

genetically transmitted loss of susceptibility to a drug in a worm population that was previously sensitive to the appropriate therapeutic dose

Answer 53

drug resistance

Question 54

is the regular, systematic, large-scale intervention involving the administration of one or more drugs to selected population groups with the aim of reducing morbidity and transmission of selected helminth infections

Answer 54

preventative chemotherapy

Question 55

the effect of a drug against an infective agent in ideal experimental conditions and isolated from any context

Answer 55

efficacy

Question 56

measure of the effect of a drug against an infective agent in a particular host

Answer 56

effectiveness

Question 57

avoidance of illness caused by infections

Answer 57

morbidity control

Question 58

health education strategy that aims to encourage people to adapt and maintain health lifestyle

Answer 58

information-education-communication

Question 59

planning, organization, performance, and monitoring of activities for the manipulation of environmental factors or interaction with human beings with a view of preventing vector or intermediate host propagation and reducing contact between humans and infective agent

Answer 59

environmental management

Question 60

interventions to reduce environmental health risks including the safe disposal of hygienic management of human and animal excreta, refuse and water waste

Answer 60

environmental sanitation

Question 61

provision of access to adequate facilities for the safe disposal of human excreta

Answer 61

sanitation

Question 62

permanent reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of infection caused by a specific agent as a result of deliberate efforts

Answer 62

disease eradication

Question 63

reduction to zero of the incidence of a specified disease in a defined geographical area as a result of deliberate efforts

Answer 63

disease elimination