Intro To Parasitology

Question 1

Area of biology concerned with the phenomenon of dependence of one living organism on another

Answer 1

Parasitology

Question 2

Concern primarily with parasites of humans and their medical significance

Answer 2

Medical parasitology

Question 3

Branch of medicine that deals with tropical diseases and other special medical problems of tropical regions

Answer 3

Tropical medicine

Question 4

Illness in which indigenous to or endemic in a tropical area but may also occur in sporadic or epidemic proportion in areas that are not tropical

Answer 4

Tropical disease

Question 6

The living together of unlike organisms

Answer 6

Symbiosis

Question 7

Is symbiotic relationship in which two species live together and one species benefits without harming or benefiting the other

Answer 7

Commensalism

Question 8

Example of commensalism

Answer 8

Entamoeba coli in the intestinal lumen are supplied with nourishment and are protected from harm while it does not cause any damage to the tissues of its host

Question 9

Two organisms mutually benefit from each other like termites and the flagellates in the digestive system

Answer 9

Mutualism

Question 10

One organism lives in or on another depending on the ladder for its survival and usually at the expense of the host

Answer 10

Parasitism

Question 11

Example of parasitism

Answer 11

Entamoeba histolytica which derives nutrition from the human host and causes amebic dysentery

Question 12

Parasites living outside the body

Answer 12

Ectoparasite

Question 13

Parasite living inside the body

Answer 13

Endoparasite

Question 14

Presence of an endoparasite in a host

Answer 14

Infection

Question 15

Presence of an ectoparasite on the host

Answer 15

Infestation

Question 16

When they need a host at some stage of their life cycle to complete their development and to propagate their species

Answer 16

Obligate parasites

Question 17

Exist in a free living state or may become parasitic when they need arises

Answer 17

Facultative parasite

Question 18

A parasite which establishes itself in a host where it does not ordinarily live

Answer 18

Accidental or incidental parasite

Question 19

Parasite that remains on or in the body of the host for its entire life

Answer 19

Permanent parasite

Question 20

Lives on the host only for a short period of time

Answer 20

Temporary parasite

Question 21

Free living organism that passes through the digestive tract without infecting the host

Answer 21

Spurious parasites

Question 22

Host in which the parasite attains sexual maturity

Answer 22

Definitive or final host

Question 23

Host that harbors the asexual or larval stage of the parasite

Answer 23

Intermediate host

Question 24

In which the parasite does not develop further to later stages

Answer 24

Paratenic host

Question 25

Host that allow the parasites life cycle to continue and become additional sources of human infection

Answer 25

Reservoir host

Question 26

Responsible for transmitting the parasite from one host to another

Answer 26

Vectors

Question 28

Transmits the parasite only after the latter has completed its development within the host

Answer 28

Biologic vector

Question 29

This vector only transport the parasite like it transfer this parasite to food which could be ingested by humans

Answer 29

Mechanical or phoretic vector

Question 30

Harbors a particular pathogen without manifesting any signs and symptoms

Answer 30

Carrier

Question 32

The process of inoculating an infective agent

Answer 32

Exposure

Question 33

Connotes the establishment of the infective agent in the host

Answer 33

Infection

Question 34

Period between infection and evidence of symptoms

Answer 34

Incubation period

Question 35

Period between infection or acquisition of the parasite and evidence or demonstration of infection

Answer 35

Biologic incubation period

Question 37

Results when an affected individual becomes his own direct source of infection

Answer 37

Auto infection

Question 38

Happens when to already infected individual is for to infected with the same species leading to massive infection

Answer 38

Super infection or hyperinfection

Question 39

Most common sources of infection

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Contaminated soil and water

Question 40

Another possible source of infection

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Food

Question 41

The study of patterns distribution and occurrence of disease

Answer 41

Epidemiology

Question 42

The number of new cases of infection appearing in a population in a given period of time

Answer 42

Incidence

Question 43

The number of individuals in the population estimated to be infected with the particular parasites species at the given time

Answer 43

Prevalence

Question 44

The percentage of individuals in the population infected with the at least one parasite

Answer 44

Cumulative prevalence

Question 45

Refers to burden of infection which is related to the number of worms per infected person

Answer 45

Intensity of infection

Question 46

Clinical consequences of infections or diseases that affect an individual's well-being

Answer 46

Morbidity

Question 47

Use of anthelminthic in an individual or a public health program

Answer 47

Deworming

Question 48

Refers to the number of previously positive subjects found to be a negative on examination of a stool or urine sample using a standard procedure at the system of the deworming

Answer 48

Cure rate

Question 49

Percentage fall in egg counts after deworming based on examination of us to or urine sample using a standard procedure at the set time after the treatment

Answer 49

Egg reduction rate

Question 50

Involves individual level deworming with selection for treatment based on a diagnosis of infection or an assessment of the intensity of infection or based on presumptive grounds

Answer 50

Selective treatment

Question 51

Group level deworming where the wrist group to be treated without prior diagnosis may be defined by age sex or other social characteristic respective of infection status

Answer 51

Targeted treatment

Question 52

Population level deworming in which the community is treated irrespective of age sex infection status or other social characteristics

Answer 52

Universal treatment

Question 53

Regular systematic large scale intervention involving the administration of one or more drugs to selected population groups with the aim of reducing morbidity and transmission of selected helminth infections

Answer 53

Preventive chemotherapy

Question 54

Refers to the proportion of the target population reached by an intervention

Answer 54

Coverage

Question 55

The effect of a drug against an infective agent in ideal experimental conditions and isolated from any context

Answer 55

Efficacy

Question 56

A measure of the effect of a drug against an infective agent in a particular host living in a particular environment with specific ecological immunological and epidemiological determinants

Answer 56

Effectiveness

Question 57

Genetically transmitted loss of susceptibility to drug in a parasite population that was previously sensitive to the appropriate therapeutic dose

Answer 57

Drug resistance

Question 58

The avoidance of illness caused by infections

Answer 58

Morbidity control

Question 59

A health education strategy that aims to encourage people to adopt and maintain healthy life practices

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Information education communication

Question 60

Planning organization performance and monitoring

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Environmental management

Question 61

Involves interventions to reduce environmental health risk

Answer 61

Environmental sanitation

Question 62

Define as a permanent reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of infection caused by a specific agent as a result of deliberate efforts

Answer 62

Disease eradication

Question 63

Reduction to zero of the incidence of a specified disease in the defined geographic area as a result of deliberate efforts

Answer 63

Disease elimination