Intro to pathology Flashcards
What is general pathology?
What is systemic pathology?
pathology of organ systems
What is aetiology?
cause of disease
What is pathogenesis?
mechanisms of disease development
What are the major processes of pathology?
inflammation
healing
thrombosis
neoplasia
metabolic dysfunction
necrosis
Define anatomic pathology
Define clinical pathology
Define pathology
The study of the structural, biochemical, and functional changes in cells, tissues and organs that underlie disease
What is clinical manifestation?
Functional consequences of molecular and morphologic changes
Give examples of internal aetiology?
age
immunological defects
genetic defects
Give examples of external aetiology
Agents:
- physical
- chemical
- biological
Deficiencies:
- nutritional
- environmental
What are molecular and morphological changes?
Molecular changes: Biochemical alterations in cells or tissues – alter function
Morphological changes: Structural alterations in cells or tissues
Define inflammation
Vascular and interstitial tissue changes that develop in response to tissue injury and that are designed to sequester, dilute, and destroy the causal agent
What are the signs of inflammation?
heat
redness
swelling
pain
loss of function
Describe the process of wound healing
It involves angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels), fibrosis (formation of fibrous connective tissue by fibroblasts), and regeneration.
Epithelisation is the regenerative process that covers defects in injured skin and other epithelial surfaces
Describe thrombosis
Interaction of the blood coagulation system and platelets to form, within a vascular lumen, an aggregate of fibrin and platelets
What is the difference between thrombosis and a blood clot?
Thrombosis = before death
Blood clot = after death
Describe metabolic dysfunction as pathological
Abnormalities or imbalances of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism in the cell lead to accumulation of glycogen, lipid, or protein as well as complexes of abnormally folded and branched proteins, pigments, lipoproteins, and amyloid.
Define biopsy
Removal and examination of a tissue sample from a living animal body for diagnostic purposes
Define necropsy
Methodical examination of the dead animal
Define diagnosis
Conclusion concerning the nature, cause, or name of a disease
Define lesions
Abnormal structural and functional changes that occur in the body
What are the different types of diagnoses?
Clinical diagnosis
Clinical pathologic diagnosis
Morphologic diagnosis (‘lesion’ diagnosis)
Aetiologic diagnosis
Disease diagnosis
Describe clinical diagnosis
Based on data obtained from the case history, clinical signs, and physical examination