Intro to Pathophysiology

Question 1

patho

Answer 1

suffering

Question 2

logos

Answer 2

a system of formal study

Question 3

physio

Answer 3

functions
of an organism

Question 4

pathophysiology

Answer 4

the study of the under-
lying changes in body physiology that result from disease or injury

Question 5

Pathology

Answer 5

is the investigation of structural alterations in cells,
tissues, and organs, which can help identify the cause of a particular
disease

Question 6

Pathogenesis

Answer 6

the pattern of
tissue changes associated with the development of disease.

Question 7

Etiology

Answer 7

refers to the study of the cause of disease

Question 8

idiopathic.

Answer 8

Diseases that have no identifiable cause .

Question 9

iatrogenic

Answer 9

Diseases
that occur as a result of medical treatment are termed iatrogenic (for
example, some antibiotics can injure the kidney and cause renal
failure

Question 10

nosocomial

Answer 10

Diseases that are acquired as a consequence of being in a
hospital environment are called nosocomial. An infection that devel-
ops as a result of a person’s immune system being depressed after
receiving cancer treatment during a hospital stay would be defined as
a nosocomial infection.

Question 11

Diagnosis

Answer 11

the identification of a disease

Question 12

prognosis

Answer 12

the expected
outcome of a disease

Question 13

Acute disease

Answer 13

sudden appearance of signs
and symptoms that last only a short time.

Question 14

Chronic disease

Answer 14

develops slowly and the signs and symptoms last for a long time, perhaps
for a lifetime. may have a pattern of remission and
exacerbation.

Question 15

Remissions

Answer 15

are periods when symptoms disappear or diminish significantly.

Question 16

Exacerbations

Answer 16

Exacerbations are periods when the symptoms
become worse or more severe.

Question 17

complication

Answer 17

the onset of a disease
in a person who is already coping with another existing disease (for
example, a person who has undergone surgery to remove a diseased
appendix may develop the complication of a wound infection or pneumonia)

Question 18

Sequelae

Answer 18

unwanted outcomes of having a disease or are
the result of trauma, such as paralysis resulting from a stroke or severe
scarring resulting from a burn

Question 19

Clinical manifestations

Answer 19

are the signs and symptoms or evidence of
disease.

Question 20

Signs

Answer 20

are objective alterations that can be observed or mea-
sured by another person, measures of bodily functions such as pulse
rate, blood pressure, body temperature, or white blood cell count.

Question 21

local signs

Answer 21

such as redness or swelling,

Question 22

systemic signs

Answer 22

fever.

Question 23

Symptoms

Answer 23

are subjective experiences reported
by the person with disease, such as pain, nausea, or shortness of breath;
and they vary from person to person.

Question 24

prodromal period

Answer 24

of a
disease is the time during which a person experiences vague symptoms
such as fatigue or loss of appetite before the onset of specific signs and
symptoms.

Question 25

insidious symptoms

Answer 25

describes vague or nonspe- cific feelings and an awareness that there is a change within the body.

Question 26

latent period

Answer 26

Some diseases have a latent period, a time during which no symptoms are readily apparent in the affected person, but the disease is neverthe- less present in the body; an example is the incubation phase of an infection or the early growth phase of a tumor.

Question 27

syndrome

Answer 27

a group of symptoms that occur together and may be caused by several inter- related problems or a specific disease; severe acute respiratory syn- drome (SARS), for example, presents with a set of symptoms that include headache, fever, body aches, an overall feeling of discomfort, and sometimes dry cough and difficulty breathing

Question 28

disorder

Answer 28

is an abnormality of function; this term also can refer to an illness or a particular problem such as a bleeding disorder

Question 29

Epidemiology

Answer 29

is the study of tracking patterns or disease occur- rence and transmission among populations and by geographic areas.

Question 30

Incidence

Answer 30

of a disease is the number of new cases occurring in a spe- cific time period.

Question 31

Prevalence

Answer 31

of a disease is the number of existing cases within a population during a specific time period.

Question 32

Risk factors

Answer 32

also known as predisposing factors, increase the probability that disease will occur, but these factors are not the cause of disease. Risk factors include heredity, age, gender, race, environment, and lifestyle.

Question 33

precipitating factor

Answer 33

is a condition or event that does cause a pathologic event or disorder. For example, asthma is precipi- tated by exposure to an allergen, or angina (pain) is precipitated by exertion