Intro to pcol

Question 1

It is the study of substances that interact with
living systems through chemical processes.

Occurs by binding of substances to regulatory
molecules and activating or inhibiting normal body processes.

Answer 1

Pharmacology

Question 2

It is the science of substances used to prevent,

diagnose and treat diseases.

Answer 2

Medical Pharmacology

Question 3

Branch of Pharmacology that deals with the
undesirable effects of chemicals on living
systems, from individual cells to humans to
complex ecosystem.

Answer 3

Toxicology

Question 4

It refers to the effects of chemicals on all
organism and their survival in groups and as a
species

Answer 4

Environmental Toxicology

Question 5

It focuses on the Familial-induced hepatic drug
reaction where affected individuals show an
abnormal adverse response to a class of drug.

Answer 5

Pharmacogenetics

Question 6

It refers to the relation of an individual’s genetic
make up to his/her response to specific drugs.

It also refers to the difference of individuals with
their response to therapeutic drugs that can be
predicted from their genetic make-up.

Answer 6

Pharmacogenomics

Question 7

It is concerned with the variability of drug effects

between individuals and at a population level.

Answer 7

Pharmacoepidemiology

Question 8

Is the branch of economics that aims to quantify
in economic terms the cost and benefit of drugs
that are used therapeutically.

Answer 8

Pharmacoeconomics

Question 9

T or F
All substances under certain circumstances can
be toxic

Answer 9

True.

Question 10

T or F
The chemicals in botanicals whether herbs or
plant extracts are no different from chemicals in
manufactured drugs except for much greater
portion of impurities in manufactured drugs.

Answer 10

False

Question 11

T or F
All dietary supplements and therapies promoted
as health-enhancing should meet the same
standards of efficacy and safety as conventional
drugs and medical therapies.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

defined as any substance that brings about a

change in biologic function through its chemical actions.

Answer 12

Drug

Question 13

Many drugs found in nature are

Answer 13

alkaloids

Question 14

Most of the drugs would have a molecular

weight between

Answer 14

100 MW – 1000 MW

Question 15

MW of Li ion

Answer 15

7

Question 16

This also determines the ability of the
drugs to pass the blood brain barrier as
well as the placental barrier.

Answer 16

Drug size

Question 17

Drugs interact with receptors by means

of

Answer 17

chemical forces or bonds.

Question 18

strongest and

irreversible bond

Answer 18

covalent

Question 19

more common but
weaker than covalent
bond.

Answer 19

Electrostatic

Question 20

weakest and important 
in the interactions of 
highly lipid-soluble drugs 
with lipids of cell 
membranes.

Answer 20

Hydrophobic

Question 21

Complementary to the of the receptor site
in the same way that the key is
complementary to that of the receptor
site.

Answer 21

Drug shape

Question 22

Carvedilol has how many isomers?

Answer 22

2

Question 23

Action (or effect) of the drug to

the body

Answer 23

Pharmacodynamics

Question 24

It describes the effect of the body

to the drugs

Answer 24

Pharmacokinetics

Question 25

A drug that would activate the receptor

Answer 25

Agonist

Question 26

Competes with or prevent the binding of | the molecule

Answer 26

Antagonist

Question 27

It binds to the different receptors other | than the agonist.

Answer 27

Allosteric Agonist

Question 28

It binds to the different receptors other | than the antagonist.

Answer 28

Allosteric Antagonist

Question 29

Selective (to avoid constant activation) and changes its function upon binding that the function of the biologic system is altered

Answer 29

Receptors

Question 30

Diphenhydramine is highly selective to __ receptor and Ranitidine highly selective to __ receptor.

Answer 30

H1;H2

Question 31

site which is a non-regulatory molecule such as albumin that would result in no detectable change in the function of the biologic system.

Answer 31

Inert Binding Sites

Question 32

activate receptor systems to the | maximum event of which the system is capable

Answer 32

Full agonist

Question 33

bind to the same receptors and activate them in the same way but do not evoke great a response, no matter how high the concentration

Answer 33

Partial agonist

Question 34

drug will reduce constitutive activity, resulting in effects that are opposite of the effects produced by the conventional agonist at the receptor.

Answer 34

Inverse agonist

Question 35

T or F In the case of drugs that bind covalently to the receptor site, the effect may persist until the drug-receptor complex is destroyed and new receptors or enzymes are synthesized

Answer 35

True

Question 36

o Route of administration o entrance of drugs remote to the site of target tissue or organ

Answer 36

Absorption

Question 37

Determinants of distribution:

Answer 37

Size of the organ, blood flow, solubility, binding

Question 38

Mechanism of | Activation or Termination of Drug Action

Answer 38

Metabolism -termination of drugs before excretion as they are metabolized to biologically inactive metabolites

Question 39

a process wherein drugs continue to act until they are | excreted

Answer 39

Drug Elimination without Metabolism

Question 40

Most of the metabolism occurs in the liver with the help of _______ enzyme.

Answer 40

cytochrome P450

Question 41

T or F | Elimination is a process similar to excretion

Answer 41

False

Question 42

For most drugs and their metabolites, excretion is primarily by way of the _____

Answer 42

kidney

Question 43

are secreted primarily by the | lungs.

Answer 43

Volatile anesthetic gases

Question 44

rate of elimination is | proportional to the concentration.

Answer 44

First Order Elimination

Question 45

rate of elimination is | constant regardless of concentration.

Answer 45

Zero Order Elimination

Question 46

T or F | In Zero Order Elimination, concentration of drugs in plasma increases in linear fashion over time

Answer 46

False

Question 47

T or F | Si Quen ay ubod ng ganda

Answer 47

True