intro to pharm review

Question 1

________________ are the gold standard of medications, must be proven to have the same therapeutic effect on the body no matter who makes it.

Answer 1

preferred agents

Question 2

_________ is the study of what the body does to the drug when administered

Answer 2

pharmacokinetics

Question 3

pharmacokinetics

Answer 3

is the study of what the body does to the drug when administered

Question 4

the extent of absorption

Answer 4

bioavailability

Question 5

bioavailability

Answer 5

the extent of absorption

Question 6

typically less than 100% bioavailability

Answer 6

oral medications

Question 7

oral medications typically have ________ bioavailability

Answer 7

less than 100%

Question 8

IV medications typically have _____ bioavailability

Answer 8

100%

Question 9

typically have 100% bioavailability

Answer 9

IV medications

Question 10

______ – the extent of absorption ( is higher with an IV for example, is typically 100%)

Answer 10

bioavailability

Question 11

______ – time for drug to actually illicit therapeutic response from administration

Answer 11

time to onset

Question 12

______ – time for drug to reach its maximum therapeutic response

Answer 12

time to peak effect

Question 13

_____ –the maximum concentration of the drug in the body after administration

Answer 13

peak level

Question 14

______ – length of time the concentration of the drug in the blood or tissues is sufficient to actually illicit a response

Answer 14

duration of action

Question 15

Movement of a drug from its site of administration into the bloodstream for distribution to the tissues

Answer 15

absorption

Question 16

Refers to the transport of a drug by the bloodstream to its intended site of action

Answer 16

distribution

Question 17

if there is good blood supply there will be ______distribution

Answer 17

rapid

Question 18

Most often occurs in the liver, but can happen in the skeletal muscle, kidneys, lungs, plasma and intestinal mucosa.

Answer 18

metabolism

Question 19

______ – phenomenon where drug is metabolized in a certain part of the body and it is reduced by the time that it gets to the intended target site

Answer 19

first pass effect

Question 20

________ is the fraction or %U of a drug that reaches systemic circulation, IV are 100 % bioavailable

Answer 20

bioavailability

Question 21

primary organ of excretion?

Answer 21

kidney
(the bowels also excrete, but not as much)

Question 22

Time required for one-half of a given drug to be removed from the body

Answer 22

half life

Question 23

the interactions between the medicine and target cells, body systems, and organs to produce effects

Answer 23

pharmacodynamics

Question 24

–through drug receptor interaction, so what happens is a drug molecule joins a reactive site on a cell to produce a response

Answer 24

receptor interactions

Question 25

– enzymes are substances that break down almost every biochemical reaction in a cell, drugs can produce effects by interreacting with these enzyme systems by either inhibiting or enhancing the enzyme.

Answer 25

enzyme interactions

Question 26

– actually interact with the cell membranes or cellular processes, drugs either physically or structurally interfere cellular processes. example is a cancer drug (pretty harsh)

Answer 26

nonselective interactions

Question 27

two solutions mixed together than are ______, when they are mixed they create a precipitate which can cause an embolism, as well as the drugs not working properly

Answer 27

incompatible

Question 28

–goes over the hospital to hold the standard of care where it needs to be.

Answer 28

the Joint commission (Medicare does this too)

Question 29

– develop standards for nurses, do policy statements and resolutions

Answer 29

ANA

Question 30

– promoting patients informed decision making, supporting their informed decision

Answer 30

autonomy

Question 31

– doing or actively promoting good, whatever you do is to best help the patient

Answer 31

beneficence

Question 32

– respecting privileged information, known when to include or not include family

Answer 32

confidentiality

Question 33

– being fair and ethical in your actions

Answer 33

justice

Question 34

– avoiding doing deliberate harm

Answer 34

nonmaleficence

Question 35

– duty to tell the truth, informed consent

Answer 35

veracity

Question 36

1. Complete all forms including incident report according to facility policy and procedure 2. Factual information only 3. Avoid judgmental words 4. Document changes in patient’s physical or mental status 5. Document that physician was notified (who, time, follow-up actions/orders) 6. Ongoing patient monitoring

Answer 36

reporting/documenting med error

Question 37

Younger than 38 weeks of gestation is a ?

Answer 37

premature

Question 38

Younger than 1 month?

Answer 38

neonate

Question 39

1 month up to 1 year

Answer 39

infant

Question 40

1 year up to 12 years

Answer 40

child

Question 41

Immature Organs Especially Liver and Kidneys  excretion impaired Limited medication-metabolizing capacity Sensitivity of receptor sites vary with age Skin is thinner

Answer 41

neonatal and pediatric patients characteristics that affect dosage

Question 42

Rapidly developing tissues may be more sensitive to drugs Stomach acid (pH) is less acidic  decreased ability to kill bacteria Lungs have weaker mucous barriers Body temp is less well regulated and dehydration occurs easily less stomach acid peristalsis is slower

Answer 42

neonatal and pediatric patients characteristics that affect dosage

Question 43

What trimester is the highest risk for adverse effects to happen to the fetus?

Answer 43

1st trimester

Question 44

Functioning of Organ Systems Declines Drug Sensitivity is Altered General Decrease in Body Weight Malnutrition Changes in Drug Molecule Receptors Important to Monitor Liver and Kidney Function Via Labs

Answer 44

age considerations for elderly

Question 45

1 gram

Answer 45

1000 mg

Question 46

1 mg

Answer 46

1000 mcg

Question 47

1 L

Answer 47

1000 mL

Question 48

3 teaspoons (tsp)

Answer 48

1 Tablespoon (T)

Question 49

1 cc

Answer 49

1 mL

Question 50

1 teaspoon (tsp)

Answer 50

5 mL

Question 51

1 table spoon (T) = ____ mL

Answer 51

15 mL

Question 52

1 kg

Answer 52

2.2 lbs

Question 53

1 oz

Answer 53

30 mL

Question 54

1 in

Answer 54

2.54 cm