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Neuroscience II (Exam 1) > Intro to Pharmacology > Flashcards

Flashcards in Intro to Pharmacology Deck (42)
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1
Q

A field of study of chemical substances and their effects on humans.

A

Pharmacology

2
Q

How the drug affects the body

A

Pharmacodynamics

3
Q

How the body affects the drug

A

Pharmacokinetics

4
Q

Any substance that brings about a change in biologic function through its chemical actions

A

Drug

5
Q

A drug which resides in an inactive form and when administered is transformed into an active compound.

A

Pro-Drug

6
Q

A field of study of the appropriate use of medications to effectively treat or prevent disease and manage symptoms.

A

Pharmacotherapeutics

7
Q

A field of study of genetic impact on drug metabolic or handling processes which can affect individual responses to drugs.

A

Pharmacogenetics

8
Q

A field of study utilizing scientific and economic methods to evaluate and compare value between therapies.

A

Pharmacoeconomics

9
Q

A field of study that applies epidemiological principles and methods to study the uses and effects of medications on large populations.

A

Pharmacoepidemiology

10
Q

Describe Pharmaceutical Equivalence.

A
  1. Same ingredients
  2. Same dosage form/route
  3. Same strength/concentration

*** Important to note that they may not have the SAME effect on the body.

11
Q

Describe Pharmaceutical Alternatives.

A

Same drug but different salts/complexes or different dosage forms or strengths

12
Q

Describe Therapeutic Equivalence.

A

Drugs that are pharmaceutically-equivalent AND expected to have the same Therapeutic Effect/Safety Profile.

13
Q

Describe Bioequivalence.

A

Similar RATE and EXTENT of absorption

14
Q

Differentiate between A and B ratings of drugs from the FDA.

A

A - Therapeutically-equivalent product AND NO bioequivalence issues

B - NOT Therapeutically-equivalent and/or significant bio-equivalent issues

15
Q

Which two groups DO NOT require a prescription?

A
  1. Over-the-Counter (OTC)

2. Behind-the-Counter

16
Q

Describe Legend Drugs.

A

Drugs that require a Prescription!

  1. Non-Scheduled/Non-controlled: No abuse potential
  2. Scheduled/Controlled: Based on abuse potential (rating is from C-1 through C-5; Lower risk of abuse is associated with a higher “C” rating; C-5 is the LOWEST risk of abuse)
17
Q

Dosing frequency for “everyday/daily”

A

Q.D.

18
Q

Dosing frequency for “twice daily”

A

B.I.D.

19
Q

Dosing frequency for “three times daily”

A

T.I.D

20
Q

Dosing frequency for “four times daily”

A

Q.I.D

21
Q

Dosing frequency for “Every other day”

A

Q.O.D

22
Q

Dosing frequency for “Every 12 hours”

A

Q.12.H.

23
Q

Dosing frequency for “every morning”

A

Q.A.M.

24
Q

Dosing frequency for “every evening”

A

Q.P.M.

25
Q

Dosing frequency for “Every night at bedtime”

A

Q.H.S

26
Q

Dosing frequency for “as needed”

A

P.R.N

27
Q

Dosing frequency for “Before meals”

A

A.C.

28
Q

Dosing frequency for “After meals”

A

P.C.

29
Q

Routes of Administration to the Eyes.

A

Right - O.D.
Left - O.S.
Both - O.U.

30
Q

Routes of Administration to the Ears.

A

Right - A.D.
Left - A.S.
Both - A.U.

31
Q

Abbreviation for “Drops”

A

GTT

32
Q

Routes of Administration “by mouth”.

A

P.O.

33
Q

Routes of Administration “Sublingually”.

A

S.L.

34
Q

Routes of Administration “Intravenously”

A

I.V.

35
Q

Routes of Administration “Intramuscularly”.

A

I.M.

36
Q

Routes of Administration “Subcutaneously”.

A

S.Q.

37
Q

Routes of Administration “Per Rectum”.

A

P.R.

38
Q

Routes of Administration “Naso-Gastric Tube”

A

NGT

39
Q

Routes of Administration “Oro-Gastric Tube”

A

OGT

40
Q

Abbreviation for “To Run At”.

A

T.R.A

41
Q

Abbreviation for “Keep Vein Open”.

A

K.V.O.

42
Q

How many pounds are in a Kg?

A

1 Kg = 2.2 Pounds