intro to physics

Question 1

what is ultrasound

Answer 1

imaging method using high frequency sound waves to produce images of structures within the body.

Question 2

what is the role of an ultrasound tech

Answer 2

provide interpretable images for diagnosis for radiologist

Question 3

ultrasound is sound whose frequency is

Answer 3

above the range of human hearing

Question 4

how is an ultrasound image formed

Answer 4

ultrasound energy is transmitted into the patients and internal structures reflect the sound and the returning echoes form the image of structure

Question 5

diagnostic ultrasound uses frequencies of

Answer 5

greater than 1 million Hz ( 1 MHz)

Question 6

ALARA

Answer 6

“as low as reasonably achievable” (power lowest setting)

Question 7

types of transducers

Answer 7

linear, convex (curved), sector (phased), endovaginal

Question 8

sound bouncing off structures, organs, fluid are called

Answer 8

echoes

Question 9

anechoic/sonolucent

Answer 9

no internal echoes, fluid filled transmits sound easily (black) echogenic walls

Question 10

echogenic/hyperechoic

Answer 10

echo producing structure reflects sound with a brighter intensity (white)

Question 11

a structure that is cystic or fluid filled will be

Answer 11

sonolucent

Question 12

low level echoes within a structure

Answer 12

hypoechoic (grey)

Question 13

mass has a few low level echoes but is less echogenic than its surroundings

Answer 13

echopenic (white)

Question 14

completely uniform in texture or composition

Answer 14

homogeneous

Question 15

not uniform in texture or composition

Answer 15

heterogeneous

Question 16

having the same echogenicity or brightness as the surrounding structure

Answer 16

isoechoic

Question 17

sound beam in completely reflected or absorbed by the structure being imaged

Answer 17

shadowing

Question 18

when the sound beam travels through fluid the echoes behind the fluid are exaggerated or brighter than the normal surrounding tissues

Answer 18

posterior enhancement (flashlight effect)

Question 19

horizontal axis

Answer 19

x axis

Question 20

vertical axis

Answer 20

y axis

Question 21

two items that are not associated
ie. hair color is ______ to shoe size

Answer 21

unrelated

Question 22

two items that are associated but have no relationship with each other
ie. Santa is ______ to Christmas

Answer 22

related/ proportional

Question 23

two items that are related when one increases, the other increases
ie. clothing size is _________ to ones weight (LL-UR)

Answer 23

directly related/directly proportional

Question 24

two items that are associated when one increases the other decreases.
ie. grades in school are _________to partying time.

Answer 24

inversely related/ inversely proportional
UL-LR

Question 25

when two numbers are multiplied together and equal 1. _______ because when one increases the other decreases.

Answer 25

reciprocal relationship/ inverse relationship

Question 26

what are the three units for numerical values?

Answer 26

units of length , area, volume

Question 27

what are the units of length

Answer 27

distance or circumference : cm, feet

Question 28

what are the units of volume

Answer 28

cm 3, feet 3

Question 29

what are the units of area

Answer 29

cm 2, ft 2

Question 30

multiply by that number means to

Answer 30

increase by a factor

Question 31

divide by that number means to

Answer 31

decrease by a factor

Question 32

number with a positive exponent

Answer 32

value greater than 10

Question 33

number with a negative exponent

Answer 33

number less than one

Question 34

number with a exponent of zero

Answer 34

in a number between 1 and 10

Question 35

if you move the exponent to the left

Answer 35

the number on the exponent will me positive

Question 36

if you move the exponent to the right

Answer 36

the number on the exponent will be negative

Question 37

L - R +

Answer 37

standard notation

Question 38

L + R -

Answer 38

scientific notation

Question 39

period and frequency are

Answer 39

reciprocals, one increases the other decreases

Question 40

metric system cheat

Answer 40

king henry died drinking cold milk get me my nano

Question 41

if its a metric prefix if the number gets larger the number must decrease

Question 42

in a metric prefix if the number gets smaller the number must increase

Question 43

the transducer creates ____ and its travels through _______

Answer 43

sound pulses , biological tissue media

Question 44

waves carry what

Answer 44

energy

Question 45

what are the different forms of waves

Answer 45

heat, sound, magnetic, light

Question 46

sound wave is a

Answer 46

mechanical longitudinal wave

Question 47

a sound wave needs to travel through a medium that is ______ and can be _______

Answer 47

compressed, rarefied

Question 48

the effects of the medium upon the sound wave

Answer 48

acoustic propagation properties

Question 49

the effects of the sound wave upon the biologic tissue 6

Answer 49

biologic effects

Question 50

acoustic variables of sound waves

Answer 50

pressure, density, distance

Question 51

concentration of force in an area

Answer 51

pressure (Pa, pascals)

Question 52

concentration of mass in a volume

Answer 52

Density (kg/cm^3)

Question 53

Measure of particle motion

Answer 53

Distance (cm, mm, ft, mile)

Question 54

used to describe the features of the sound wave

Answer 54

acoustic parameters

Question 55

what are the seven acoustic parameters

Answer 55

Power, Frequency , Amplitude, Propagation speed, Intensity, Wavelength, Period

Question 56

wave that moves left to right and particles move up and down

Answer 56

transverse wave

Question 57

particles that move in the same direction that the wave propagates

Answer 57

longitudinal wave

Question 58

In step wave, peak and trough same time and place

Answer 58

in phase wave

Question 59

out of step wave peak and trough different time and place

Answer 59

out of phase wave

Question 60

the combination of multiple sound beams

Answer 60

interference

Question 61

there are two types of interference

Answer 61

constructive and destructive

Question 62

formation of a single wave with a bigger amplitude that either of components

Answer 62

constructive interphase

Question 63

formation of a single wave that results in lesser amplitude than one of the waves

Answer 63

destructive interference

Question 64

two out of phase waves are of equal amplitude

Answer 64

complete destructive interference cancel each other out

Question 65

frequencies of waves differ both in phase and out of phase

Answer 65

both constructive and destructive interference