intro to pop+environ , Malaria case study, CHD case study Flashcards
(29 cards)
define health
It is the physical, mental and social well-being , not just the presence of disease
what % of the world’s deaths are caused by heart disease?
16%
How many deaths were as a result of heart disease in 2019?
8.9 million
Give 4 social factors impacting health
-deprivation levels
-antibiotics/vaccines
-education
-aid programmes
Give 4 economic factors impacting health
-technology; improved health care, medicine and water access
-transport infrastructure
-improvement to infrastructure; water treatment plants
-improved trade relationship
What is a epidemiological transition model (ETM)?
-created by Omran (1971)
-shows infectious diseases to chronic degenerative diseases
What are the 4 physical impacts of the environment on health?
-climate
-topography
-air quality
-water quality
How does climate impact health?
-SAD (seasonal affective disorder)- due to weather
-flooding = sewage outflow which runs into water systems- due to weather
-food security and natural hazards-due to temp
How does topography impact health?
-major rivers have a high pop density
-high pop = displacement of larger settlements if extreme flooding occurs
- flat land = fertile soil but seasonal flooding
How does air quality impact health?
air pollutants causes cardiovascular and respiratory systems (4 million premature deaths)
How does water quality impact health?
-2 million deaths annually due to unsafe water (WHO
- water aid: 8 million without water (2015)
-500,000 children die annually from diarrhoea
-MDGs: improved water safety plans- 2018, 60% decrease in cholera cases
-2.6 billion access to clean drinking water (1990)
Is Malaria as CD or non-CD?
-Communicable disease (CD)
How many people have died as a result of Malaria in 2015?
430,000 deaths (2015)
How many countries in 2018 were affected by Malaria transmission?
91 countries; Uganda, Nigeria and Mozambique
Give 4 physical factors that impact Malaria
-coastal areas are low lying and high humidity so optimum conditions for mosquitoes to breed
-Mosquitos require 16 oc-32oc
-‘rainy seasons’ = higher rate of mosquitos
-mosquitos breed in stagnant water
Give 4 socio-economic factors that impact Malaria
-lack of investment in drugs and vaccines
-overcrowded sleeping quarters (high infant mortality)
-poor sanitation; open sewers, rubbish and outflows
-primary industry workers are at higher risk due to working near irrigation
Name 5 treatment methods of Malaria
-mosquito nets
-educate people
-vaccines
-swift diagnosis
-insecticides
What are some of the issues with treatment methods?
-expensive to produce
-nets = cheap for consumer
-lack of accessibility = transport and unequal distribution
What do the WHO hope to achieve in terms of prevention by 2030?
-reduce Malaria by 40% (2020) & 90% (2030)
Name 2 other prevention stakeholders of Malaria
-NGOs = £1 billion per year
-Gates Foundation (alongside uk govt) = pledged $3bn
What are the impacts of Malaria on the individual?
-not being able to work (losing income)
-mental health problems
What are the regional impacts of Malaria?
-loss of money for economy
-strain on services; healthcare
-less money for development
-cost of drugs ( 40% of public health costs go into Malaria)
Is coronary heart disease (CHD) a CD or a non-CD?
Non- communicable disease (Non-CD)
Define CHD
it is a build up of fatty substances in the arteries (cholesterol)
