Intro To Primary Survey Flashcards
(21 cards)
What are the first four things we do when we get to a scene?
SMART, Assessment Triangle, Response, CABCDE (Primary Survey)!
What does SMART stand for?
Scene safety, Mechanism of injury, Additional resources, Regulations, Triage!
What does scene safety include?
Dynamic Risk Assessment (DRA) = hazard and the risk. Would the results require PPE? Like masks, aprons, gloves, or hazmat suit. Can ask a bystander to keep the rest back.
What does mechanism of injury include?
How did they get injured?
What does additional resources include?
Fire for manoeuvring or water rescue.
Police for danger.
HEMS for critical care.
What does regulations include?
Student paramedic, West Midlands (different wherever you go).
What does triage include?
The number of casualties. Need any back-up? Ambulance or additional resources. Check the scene is safe.
What are the three things in the assessment triangle?
Appearance, works of breath, and circulation.
What is included in appearance?
Colour of skin (white, grey, blue lips, waxy) and movement (floppy or muscle spasms).
What is included in works of breath?
Is their breathing laboured?
What position are they in?
What is included in circulation?
Pulse check: rate (60-100), rhythm, regularity, and strength.
What acronym do we use to test for level of response?
AVPU
What does AVPU stand for?
Awake / Alert, Verbally responsive, Painful stimulus (trapezius squeeze), Unresponsive / Unconscious.
Whats does CABCDE stand for?
Catastrophic haemorrhage, Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Expose and Examine!
What is a catastrophic haemorrhage?
Any life threatening bleed! Arterial bleed, free flowing bleed, traumatic amputation, internal bleeding.
How do we check and aid a secluded airway?
Look to see if airway is clear. Use suction / MacGill forceps (if necessary). Perform the head tilt and chin lift, or a jaw thrust if they have a possible spinal injury. If airway is still blocked, use an OPA or NPA. If it is still blocked, use an advanced airway.
What is included in checking the patient’s breathing?
Is the patient breathing and are they breathing adequately? If no then use assisted ventilation. Count their respiration rate.
What is included in checking the patient’s circulation?
Pulse check: rate, rhythm, regularity, strength. SHOCK = threatening circulation failure, resulting in tissue and organ hypoxia and infract.
What are the six types of SHOCK?
Hypovolaemic, cardiogenic, obstructive, septic, neurogenic, and anaphylactic.
What is included in checking the patient’s disability?
Assessing neurological ability. Pupillary response, FAST / AVVV, glucose (BM / BGL), temperature, and glasgow coma score (GCS). Repeat observation as often as possible.
What is included in exposing and examining a patient?
Consider the environment and temperature, ensure they are kept warm. Consider the patient’s dignity (maybe ask someone to hold up a blanket). Look for rashes, wounds, burns, and other injuries. Repeat s more thorough primary survey and consider a secondary survey (top-to-toe).
