Intro to Programming Languages

Question 1

UX Designer

Answer 1

User Experience (UX) designer - the person responsible for making a website enjoyable and easy to navigate.

Question 2

Wireframe

Answer 2

The blueprint for a website in the form of a sketch. A wireframe shows how a user will be able to navigate the different pages and sections of a site using basic layout and annotations.

Question 3

Visual Designer

Answer 3

The person responsible for how a website will look. They determine the layout, color, typography use of images, and more.

Question 4

Front-End Developer

Answer 4

The person responsible for bringing a website design to life with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. They are responsible for what we as users see, touch and interact with on a website.

Question 5

Back-End Developer

Answer 5

The person responsible for giving a website a “memory” by writing code to manage and interact with databases- super-efficient data storage and management programs. This code is often written in languages like PHP, Python, and Ruby.Backend developers are the behind-the-scene folks.

Question 6

HTML

Answer 6

Hypertext Markup Language- A front-end language that is responsible for defining the content on the page, including images, headers, and paragraphs.

Question 7

CSS

Answer 7

Cascading Style Sheets- A front-end language that is responsible for describing styles, such as layout, size, and color of the content.

Question 8

JavaScript

Answer 8

A front-end programming language that is responsible for the behaviors and actions of a website’s content, such as drop down menus.

Question 9

Back-End Languages

Answer 9

Any number of programming languages that are responsible for:

• Giving the application/webpage a ‘memory’- storing data, such as usernames and passwords.
• Talking to the database- getting, adding, removing, and updating data; like password resets
• Handling page request-sending the correct page to the user, such s a version of the homepage when the suer is logged in vs logged out
• Authentaication users- enabling users to create accounts and log in our out.

Question 10

GUI

Answer 10

Graphical User Interface - A user interface that allows human to easily interact with computers. The GUI hosts the icons, images, text, and gestural capabilities you regularly use.

Question 11

Command Line Interface

Answer 11

An interface use to communicate with a computer using text alone.

Question 12

Terminal Application

Answer 12

Also know as a shell. it is the portal to the command line.

Question 13

Bash

Answer 13

The default shell provided on Mac OS X and Ubuntu Linux. It is a way to access the command line on these systems.

Question 14

Text Editor

Answer 14

A program for creating and editing plain text files (files that have no formatting whatsoever)

Question 15

Root Directory

Answer 15

The top-most folder in a file system. All other files and directories are contained within the root directory.

Question 16

Path

Answer 16

The precise address to a specific directory or file in a file system.

Question 17

Absolute Path

Answer 17

A file address that starts from the root directory and lists all of the parent directories and child directories along the way.

Question 18

Relative Path

Answer 18

A relative path starts from your current position in a folder structure, referencing a given file or folder based on this starting position.

Question 19

pwd

Answer 19

“Print Working Directory”

we use this command when we want the command line to tell us which folder (or directory) of our computer we’re in currently.

Question 20

ls

Answer 20

“List”

List the contents of a folder

Question 21

cd

Answer 21

“Change directory” Navigates to a particular folder on your computer.

Question 22

Flag

Answer 22

Part of a command. A flag sets options to tell the command line how to do what It’s about to do.

Question 23

Option

Answer 23

Extra settings that are applied to commands.

Question 24

touch

Answer 24

Creates a file.

Example: To create. file called “sillycat”, the command would be:

$touch sillycat.txt

Question 25

mkdir

Answer 25

"make directory" creates a specified folder. Example: To create a folder called_animal_memes_, the command is $ mkdir animal_memes

Question 26

mv

Answer 26

"Move" | Moves specified files or folders to a specified destination.

Question 27

rm

Answer 27

"Remove" | Deletes specified files from your computer.

Question 28

cp

Answer 28

"Copy" | Copies specified files or folders to a specified location.

Question 29

Version Control

Answer 29

A system that saves the various stages/iterations of a project. It allows users to revert back to older versions as needed.

Question 30

Git

Answer 30

A popular version control program.

Question 31

Repository

Answer 31

Often called a "repo". It is a directory within a version control program.

Question 32

Branching

Answer 32

A feature of version control programs that makes it easy to keep track of parallel versions of a project.

Question 33

Commit

Answer 33

A "save" made to a repository.

Question 34

GitHub

Answer 34

GitHub is a platform that manages Git repositories in the cloud. ON GitHub, developers can share their code, comment on it, and review code changes among one another.

Question 35

Fork a Repository

Answer 35

A GitHub command that adds a copy of someone else's GitHub repo to your GitHub account.

Question 36

git clone

Answer 36

A GitHub command that copies a remote repo to your working directory.

Question 37

git push

Answer 37

A GitHub command that updates your remote repo with changes that you made and committed.

Question 38

Pull request

Answer 38

A message to the original owner of a GitHub repo. It requests that changes in your forked copy be added to the repository.

Question 39

Elements

Answer 39

Provide the basic structure for any website. They consist of opening and closing tags, and the content between those tags. Tags indicate to a browser exactly what kind of content is being loaded and the basic structure of that content.

Question 40

Attribute

Answer 40

Information added than HTML opening tag. The format is: attribute name = "value."

Question 41

tag

Answer 41

Creates heading-style text. Smaller headings are

,

through

.

Question 42

tag

Answer 42

Creates paragraphs.

Question 43

tag

Answer 43

"Anchor" creates a link.

Question 44

HTML Boilerplate

Answer 44

A. set of common HTML elements that helps us easily organize and begin building code.

Question 45

CSS Rules

Answer 45

the basic building blocks for CSS. A CSS rule consist of a selector (HTML, class, or ID) and one or more declarations.

Question 46

RGB Color System

Answer 46

Red, green blue color system A system that uses a series of alpha-numeric characters to describe colors in CSS, In RGB, red, green and blue values range from 0 to 255. Any one color has a red value, a green value and a blue value within this range.

Question 47

Hexadecimal (Hex)

Answer 47

A system that uses a series of alpha-numeric characters to describe colors in CSS. IN the Hex system, red, green and blue values range from 0-9 and then continue with letters A-F.

Question 48

Serif Typeface

Answer 48

A category of fonts in which letters are embellished with small lines.

Question 49

Sans Serif Typeface

Answer 49

A category of fonts in which letters lack serifs (small decorative lines at the end of strokes).

Question 50

Monospace Typeface

Answer 50

A category of fonts in which letters and characters have horizontal measurement.

Question 51

font-family

Answer 51

A CSS property used to apply a font to a text element.

Question 52

font-size

Answer 52

A CSS property used to apply a pixel-value size to a text element.

Question 53

font-weight

Answer 53

A CSS property used to apply a thickness value to a text element.

Question 54

text-align

Answer 54

A CSS property used to adjust the justification of a text element.

Question 55

text-decoration

Answer 55

A CSS property used to add underlining, over-lining, or strike through to a text element.

Question 56

text-transform

Answer 56

A CSS property used to adjust the capitalization f a text element.

Question 57

ID

Answer 57

An HTML attribute that specifies a unique ID for an HTML element. Each ID should only be used once.

Question 58

Class

Answer 58

An HTML attribute that provides a label for an HTML element. They are intended to group elements, so each one should be used multiple times.

Question 59

Semantic Element

Answer 59

HTML elements whole have names clearly identify the purpose of the content around which they are wrapped. Examples are and .

Question 60

Non-Semantic Element

Answer 60

HTML elements whose names DO NOT clearly identify the purpose of the content around which they are wrapped. Examples are and < div> .

Question 61

Inline Elements

Answer 61

HTML elements that present in a line when renders (displayed in a web browser).

Question 62

Block Elements

Answer 62

HTML elements that are stacked when rendered (displayed in a web browser)

Question 63

Generic Content Wrappers

Answer 63

Elements that exist to facilitate the styling of content. As elements, they don't contribute anything by themselves; they need CSS to be useful. Examples are

Question 64

Content ( of an HTML element)

Answer 64

The text, images, another items that are contained within an HTML element (think CSS box model).

Question 65

Padding ( of an HTML element)

Answer 65

the area outside of the content.

Question 66

Border (of an HTML)

Answer 66

The line between the padding and the margin.

Question 67

Margin ( of an HTML element)

Answer 67

the area outside the border that separates the element form other elements on the page.

Question 68

Sitemap

Answer 68

also called a user flow. It Is a diagram that illustrates the primary and alternate paths your users can take through your website, based on their goals.

Question 69

Navigation Bar

Answer 69

A section on a website that links to other parts of the site.

Answer 70

An HTML element used to define a set of navigation links.

Question 71

float

Answer 71

A CSS property that moves an element horizontally, allowing other elements to wrap around it or share the same horizontal space.

Question 72

clear

Answer 72

A CSS property used to move an element below a floated element.

Question 73

Pseudocode

Answer 73

A technique that lets you write out your program in simple, step-by-step instructions using plain English rather than a programming language.

Question 74

Comments

Answer 74

Programmer notes in code (the computer ignores them). You can write multi-line or single-line comments.

Question 75

Variable

Answer 75

A data container with a given name. The data within can be refferred to in the code by naming the container. To announce a variable, use the keyword var and declare a variable name next to it.

Question 76

Data Type

Answer 76

A classification identifying one or various types of data that determines the possible values for that type; the operations that can be performed on values of that type; the meaning of the data, and the way values of that type can be stored.

Question 77

Numeric (Data Type)

Answer 77

Data made up of numbers.

Question 78

String (Data Type)

Answer 78

Data that consist of letters and/or other characters.

Question 79

Boolean (Data Type)

Answer 79

Data consisting of true or false values.

Question 80

typeof

Answer 80

A command that returns a string telling us which type of data we're seeing.

Question 81

Integers

Answer 81

Whole numbers

Question 82

Floats

Answer 82

Decimals

Question 83

Expressions

Answer 83

A collection of values (12345) and operators (like + or x).

Question 84

Evaluation

Answer 84

The process of reducing an expression down to a single value.

Question 85

Modulus Operator

Answer 85

an arithmetic operator that shows the remainder of a division problem; represented as a precent sign (%).

Question 86

To Concatenate

Answer 86

To combine strings together

Question 87

Assignment Operators

Answer 87

(=, +=, -+) | Operators used to assign value, add value, or subtract value from a variable.

Question 88

Control Flow

Answer 88

The order in which a program's statements, instructions or function calls are evaluated or carried out.

Question 89

Comparison Operators

Answer 89

(,<=,>=,) Operators that compare two values against one another and return a Boolean value - either true or false.

Question 90

Equality Operators

Answer 90

(===, !==) | Operators that check to see whether two values are the Sams as, or equal to, one another.

Question 91

Falsey

Answer 91

Something is "falsey" when it can be coerced into the Boolean value "false." The falsey category of values includes: * False * 0 (zero) * "" (empty string) * nul * undefined * NaN ( a special number value meaning "Not a Number)

Question 92

Truthy

Answer 92

Something is "truthy" when it can be coerced into the Boolean value "true." In JavaScript, truthy values include: * "abc" (any non-empty string) * -1, 1, 2.5 (any non-zero number) * true

Question 93

Conditions

Answer 93

Statements that make comparisons that evaluate to true or false in order to control the flow of a program.

Question 94

Switch Statement

Answer 94

A statement used to perform different actions based on different conditions. It's replacement for it...else statements when code gets long and nested.

Question 95

Ternary Statement

Answer 95

A one-line shorthand for an if..else statement. Similar to an if.. else statement, it evaluates a condition and then returns one or two results based on whether the condition is true or false.

Question 96

Array

Answer 96

A data structure consisting of a list of values contained within brackets and separated by commas. Arrays allow us to: * Reorder elements * Identifiy the value of one element in a list by specifying its position. * Go through the list item-by-item and manipulate each element

Question 97

Element

Answer 97

A value within an array

Question 98

Index

Answer 98

A number that ells us the position in the array where a given element can be found.

Question 99

Collection

Answer 99

A groups of values. An example of a collection is an array. One of the most useful things about collections (and arrays in particular) is that we structure our code correctly, we can repeat the same operation on each value within a collection.

Question 100

Iteration

Answer 100

The process of performing an action over and over again in a loop for each element in a set.

Question 101

Loop

Answer 101

An instruction that tells your program to repeat an action.

Question 102

While Loop

Answer 102

A condition that will continue to run a block or code and over again until the condition becomes false.

Question 103

For Loop

Answer 103

A condition that loops through a block of code a specified number. of times.

Question 104

DRY Code

Answer 104

"Don't Repeat Yourself" A best practice in software development that aims at writing clean code with minimal repetition.

Question 105

Function

Answer 105

A relationship between a set of inputs and a set of outputs. In JavaScript, a function can be: 1. Made up either a single reusable statement or a group of reusable statements. 2. Called from anywhere in a program, which prevents the statements inside a function from having to be written over and over again.

Question 106

Function Parameter

Answer 106

A name listed in a function definition.

Question 107

function Argument

Answer 107

Values provided when a function is called.

Question 108

Scope

Answer 108

The range of wire a variable can be used within your code. Scope can be local or global.

Question 109

Global Variable

Answer 109

A variable declared outside of a function. All scripts and functions on a web page can access it.

Question 110

Local Variable

Answer 110

A variable that's inside a function. A local variable cannot be referenced outside of that function, which means it cannot be called or used outside of the brackets in which it's contained.