Intro to Psychiatry

Question 1

How long has pharmacological treatment for mental disorders been around?

Answer 1

100 years

Question 2

What does “Biopsychosocial” mean?

Answer 2

It means that mental disorders do not develop/occur from 1 cause.

Question 3

What are the components of the biopsychosocial model?

Answer 3

biological, psychological, and social

Question 4

List examples of biological factors of mental disorders

Answer 4

anatomy, genetics, cell biology, neurochemistry​

Question 5

List examples of psychological factors of mental disorders

Answer 5

development, coping skills, belief systems​

Question 6

List examples of social factors of mental disorders

Answer 6

cultural, economic, political, financial​

Question 7

What is the psychiatric interview?

Answer 7

Interaction with a patient to assess their mental state at a given time and place.

Question 8

What do you do during a psychiatric interview?

Answer 8

Conversation with the patient, inquiry (ask questions), and observation​.

Question 9

What are the stages of the Psychiatric interview?

Answer 9

1. Inception, 2. Reconnaissance​ 3. Detailed Inquiry​ 4. Conclusion

Question 10

Define Inception and Reconnaissance

Answer 10

Inception: starting point
Reconnaissance: general survey before detailed interview

Question 11

Elements of History in the Psychiatric interview

Answer 11

CC, HPI, Psychiatric Hx, Family medical and psych hx

Question 12

General Hx to be asked during psychiatric interview

Answer 12

social, educational, occupational, military, chemical dependence, legal

Question 13

What is a Mental Status Examination?

Answer 13

Psychiatric equivalent of the physical examination, but goal is to describe patient’s mental state during the interview. USE PAST TENSE VERBS!

Question 14

What are you looking at specifically during a mental status examination?

Answer 14

1. Appearance and Behavior​
2. Relationship to the Interviewer​
3. Mood and Affect​
4. Cognition and Memory​
5. Language​
6. Disorders of Thought​
7. Physiologic Function​
8. Insight and Judgment

Question 15

What are you looking for when assessing appearance and behavior?​

Answer 15

Looking for things that are out of the ordinary and are NOT there that should be.

Question 16

What is catatonia? Describe it. What happens during catatonia?

Answer 16

Minimal of no movement of the patient.

Patient appears to be awake, but doesn’t move much. and if moved they do the action figure (when you move patient to a potion they stay there regardless of the stimuli)​

What happens: very limited understanding of what is going on in the environment around them​.
-They don’t form short term memories well so they
don’t always remember events while in a cataonic state​

Question 17

What is Waxy Felxibility?

Answer 17

“Action figure posing”– When you move patient to a position they stay there regardless of the stimuli.

Question 18

What is Akathesia?

Answer 18

Difficulty staying still

Question 19

Relation to the interviewer– What do you need to watch for in the patient?

Answer 19

Attitude towards you, eye contact, body posture, facial expressions.

Question 20

What is mood?

Answer 20

A SUSTAINED emotional state that is frequently, but not always, associated with a certain affect.
Metaphor— climate

Question 21

What is affect?

Answer 21

A variable demonstration of the patient’s internal state.
“moment-to-moment changes”
Metaphor– the current weather

Question 22

How is someone acting when being euphoric?

Answer 22

extreme elation (happiness or excitement)

Question 23

How is someone acting when being labile?

Answer 23

rapidly changes from one affect to another​

Question 24

How is someone acting when being Apathetic?

Answer 24

lack of emotions

Question 25

How is someone acting when being Euthymic?

Answer 25

They have a “normal” range of expression based on mood and circumstances.

Question 26

How is someone acting when being dysphoric?

Answer 26

ad, emotionally numb​

Question 27

How is someone acting when being Histrionic?

Answer 27

Rapidly changing/over acting/dramatic. They do this in hopes of getting a dramatic reaction.

Question 28

How is someone acting when being Flat?

Answer 28

Little expression of emotion, monotonous

Question 29

How is someone acting when being Incongruent?

Answer 29

Inconsistent emotions with statements and current mood.

Question 30

What are the components of Cognition?

Answer 30

1. Alertness​ 2. Orientation​ 3. Memory​ 4. Attention​ 5. Concentration​

Question 31

Why do we study the cognition of a patient?

Answer 31

Describes the quality of mental functions.

Question 32

Coma

Answer 32

non-responsive to stimuli

Question 33

Stupor

Answer 33

briefly rousable by stimuli

Question 34

Torpor

Answer 34

restricted responses

Question 35

Twilight

Answer 35

- half way between being asleep and awake​ | - patient “comes and goes”

Question 36

Delirium

Answer 36

Lack of awareness of surroundings, agitation, hallucinations, restlessness, insomnia, combative, visual illusions, labile affect​

Question 37

Where does delirium commonly occur?

Answer 37

ICU and post-op settings

Question 38

What is delirium caused by?

Answer 38

Metabolic illness, infections, medication reactions, strokes, street drug overdoses.

Question 39

What are the components of orientation?

Answer 39

Person Time Place Situation

Question 40

What are the types of memory?

Answer 40

Immediate Short term Long term

Question 41

Where is immediate memory stored?

Answer 41

Dorsal medial lobe

Question 42

Where are short term memories stored?

Answer 42

Maintained in hippocampus for several minutes

Question 43

Where are long term memories stored?

Answer 43

Memory traces in temporal and parietal lobes for retrieval

Question 44

What is Retrograde Amnesia?

Answer 44

Loss of past memories

Question 45

What is Anterograde Amnesia?

Answer 45

Loss of ability to form new memories following head injury or illness

Question 46

What is Falsification?

Answer 46

Making up new memories because your old ones suck.

Question 47

What is Confabulation?

Answer 47

False memories created to fill gaps caused by illness or dementia. Can manifest from paranoia.

Question 48

What is Perseveration?

Answer 48

repeating the same information in response to different inquiries

Question 49

How do you complete and memory screening? What do you assess during a memory screening?

Answer 49

-Repeat three unrelated words to test immediate recall then ask them to tell you the words a few minutes later. Then ask them about their distant past. -Short and long term memory.

Question 50

How to you assess concentration?

Answer 50

Tests includes patient to subtract 7 stating at 100. Spelling simple words (“world”) backwards.

Question 51

What is abstraction?

Answer 51

Ability to reason in abstract concepts rather than concrete concepts? Example: -Example: Not all glitters are gold​ - Concrete thought: some shinny objects are gold and some are silver.​ - Abstract thought: Not everything that looks precious or true turns out to be so.

Question 52

What should we be paying attentions to when focusing on language?

Answer 52

Flow of speech Initiation of speech Comprehension

Question 53

What is Aphasia?

Answer 53

difficulty repeating words or phrases​

Question 54

What is Muteness?

Answer 54

lack of speech​

Question 55

What is Paralogia?

Answer 55

Approximately correct answers​ Example:"What is the animal walking around that is mewing?" Pt Answer: A dog

Question 56

What is Echolalia?

Answer 56

Answers echo questions​

Question 57

What is Clang Speech?

Answer 57

Words chosen based on sound rather than meaning​ | Example: rhyming words during a sentence, but it doesn't make any sense.

Question 58

What is retardation in relation to tempo?

Answer 58

slow, laborious thoughts with speech latency and sometimes loss of thread

Question 59

What is frequently accompanied with racing thoughts?

Answer 59

pressured speech.

Question 60

What is pressured speech?

Answer 60

Patient feeling like they have to keep talking

Question 61

What is a Circumstantial thought process?

Answer 61

Expresses excessive detail and “side trips” but able to reach goal.

Question 62

What is a Tangential thought process?

Answer 62

Thoughts follow each other with tentative connections to previous thought​

Question 63

What is a Flight of Ideas?

Answer 63

Thoughts skip rapidly between topics with minimal/no connection to previous thought​.

Question 64

What are Delusions?

Answer 64

fixed false beliefs

Question 65

What are Ideas of Reference?

Answer 65

Belief that benign stimuli refer to patient specifically​ | Ex: "That stop light turned red for me."

Question 66

What is Thought Insertion?

Answer 66

belief that others implant thoughts in patient

Question 67

What is Thought Broadcasting?

Answer 67

belief that other can hear the patient’s thoughts

Question 68

Do delusions respond well to meds?

Answer 68

NO

Question 69

What are Illusions?

Answer 69

Falsely interpreted sensory stimulation that is external. | Ex: "I hear my husbands voice last night." (it was another persons voice)--> husband has been dead for 2 years.

Question 70

What a hallucinations?

Answer 70

A perception of having seen, heard, touched, tasted, or smelled something that wasn't actually there. This is internal.

Question 71

In what illnesses are illusions common?

Answer 71

Depression, anxiety, extreme stress, delirium

Question 72

What is an example of a hallucination?

Answer 72

Schizophrenic hearing voices in their head.

Question 73

What is formication

Answer 73

Sensation of insects crawling over the skin.

Question 74

What can happen physiologically with mental disorders?

Answer 74

**Sleep functions​, Appetite and Weight Changes​, Sexual Changes​, Musculoskeletal Changes (agitation, retardation, ambulation)