Intro to psychopathology

Question 1

stigma

Answer 1

public (negative attitudes others have about mental illness), self (negative thoughts one has about self and mental illness), institutionalized (government or private places limiting opportunities for people with mental illness)

Question 2

prehistoric times

Answer 2

people thought it was demonic, god played a role, people had possession, the treatment was trephination and exorcism

Question 3

greek philosophers

Answer 3

looked at culture and philosophy

Question 4

middle ages

Answer 4

not scientific thinking, inhumane thinking

Question 5

1500s-1600s

Answer 5

resurgence of science, asylum

Question 6

1700s-1800s

Answer 6

reform and moral treatment, focus on rest and diet

Question 7

1900s

Answer 7

treatment, deinstitutionalization, hygiene movement

Question 8

2000s

Answer 8

modern view, 4 major developments: biological link, basis of disorders, classification, research

Question 9

2024

Answer 9

biopsychosocial model, research, development of evidence based treatments, barriers to care, unknowns about etiology and treatment remain

Question 10

indicators of psychopathology

Answer 10

subjective distress, maladaptive, statistical deviance, violation of society standard, social discomfort, irrational and unpredictable, dangerousness

Question 11

types of research

Answer 11

data, case studies, epidemiological, correlational, randomized

Question 12

research ethics

Answer 12

informed consent, psychological harm, purpose of institutional review board

Question 13

multifinality

Answer 13

when people start at the same point but end up with a different diagnosis

Question 14

equifinality

Answer 14

when people start at a different point but end up with the same disorder

Question 15

psychodynamic or psychoanalytic

Answer 15

subconscious and how we think about the world or how we think about ourselves can trigger a disorder

Question 16

behavioral perspective

Answer 16

focus only on the observable behavior, classical and operant conditioning

Question 17

classical conditioning

Answer 17

stimulus gets associated with a feeling

Question 18

operant conditioning

Answer 18

a reward in feeling in psychopathology

Question 19

cognitive behavioral perspective

Answer 19

focus on thoughts, feelings, physical sensations, and behaviors

Question 20

schema

Answer 20

the lens through which one sees

Question 21

types of assessment

Answer 21

clinical observation, direct observation, psychological tests, physical assessment, neuropsychological assessment, neurological assessment, behavioral observation

Question 22

types of classification

Answer 22

categorical (meet the diagnostic criteria or not), prototypical (comparing if one describes the ideal criteria), dimensional (where one falls on a spectrum)

Question 23

pros of the dsm

Answer 23

easy to diagnose, specific, nomenclature, common language, provides bounds, insurance reimbursement, clumping is organization, treatment roadmap, provides hope

Question 24

cons of the dsm

Answer 24

loss of individual info, stigma, stereotyping, labeling, dimensional constructs are limited by category, limitations, comorbidity, subjective judgments - mixed reliability, different thresholds, based on the expert opinion and only that

Question 25

reliability

Answer 25

the degree to which measuring a divide produced the same result each time it is used to measure the same thing

Question 26

variability

Answer 26

the extent to which measure is measuring what it purports to measure

Question 27

specific phobia

Answer 27

when someone has a fear regarding a specific object

Question 28

panic disorder

Answer 28

when someone has a panic attack and has a great fear that another one is going to happen (heart pounding, sweating, trembling, chest pain, nausea, dizziness, distress or worry, change in behavior to reduce the likelihood of a panic attack)

Question 29

agoraphobia

Answer 29

fear of being in places that is difficult to escape

Question 30

social anxiety disorder

Answer 30

disabling fears of one or more specific social situation

Question 31

generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 31

worry about multiple domains in life, worry for at least six months every day, worry is excessive, associated symptoms

Question 32

stress vs. trauma

Answer 32

stress is what we experience and trauma is from a specific event (stress is chronicity, timing, how closely it affects someone, control)

Question 33

criterion A trauma

Answer 33

direct exposure, witness, learning about trauma, repeated or extreme exposure

Question 34

Yerkes dodson curve

Answer 34

without anxiety we would not be able to function well

Question 35

three component model of emotion

Answer 35

sensations, thought, behavior

Question 36

Lang's fear model (emotional processing)

Answer 36

stimulus to response to meaning

Question 37

PTSD treatment

Answer 37

prolonged exposure, cognitive processing therapy, exposure based

Question 38

GAD treatment

Answer 38

exposure (interoceptive, situational, imaginal)