Intro to Psyschology

Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

Psychology is the scientific study of observable actions (the way we act) and internal mental (The way we think) processes.

Question 2

Behavior

Answer 2

Actions that can be observed.
The way we ACT.

Question 3

Cognition

Answer 3

The INTERNAL working functions of the mind. The way we THINK.

Question 4

Mental Process

Answer 4

the way your brain works to think, remember, learn, and make decisions.

Question 5

Empirical evidence

Answer 5

Emiprical edvice is is gathered through observation, experimentation, and a scientific approach.

Question 6

Independent variable

Answer 6

The factor in a study that psychologists CHANGE in order to see the effect it might have on behavior

Question 7

Dependent variable

Answer 7

The factor the researchers measure in the study – it is the effect of the IV

Question 8

Extraneous variable

Answer 8

Other variables than the ones you might be interested in that may be infering with the results

Question 9

Confounding variable

Answer 9

A type of extraneous variable that is associated with both the independent and dependent variables.

Question 10

Treatment group

Answer 10

The group that receives a treatment that is hypothesised to have an effect

Question 11

Control group

Answer 11

The group that receives no treatment

Question 12

Localization of Brain Function

Answer 12

Localization of brain function refers to the concept that specific areas of the brain are responsible for particular functions, such as movement, speech, or memory.

Question 13

Functions of the frontal lobe (in general)

Answer 13

The frontal lobe is responsible for functions such as decision-making, problem-solving, impulse control, emotional regulation, and voluntary movement.

Question 14

Specific areas of the Frontal Lobe AND their individual functions

Answer 14

The prefrontal cortex is involved in higher cognitive functions such as decision-making, planning, and regulating social behavior,
Broca’s area controls speech production and language processing.
The primary motor cortex is responsible for initiating and controlling voluntary muscle movements.

Question 15

Neuropsychology

Answer 15

Neuropsychology is the study of the relationship between brain function and behavior, focusing on how injuries, diseases, or disorders of the brain affect cognitive processes and behaviors.

Question 16

Theory

Answer 16

principles or concepts that explain and predict behavior, mental processes, or phenomena based on empirical evidence and observations.

Question 17

Model

Answer 17

simplified structure used to represent and explain specific psychological processes or behaviors.

Question 18

Heuristics

Answer 18

mental shortcuts that people use to make quick, efficient decisions or judgments, often at the cost of accuracy.

Question 19

Ventromedial prefrontal cortex

Answer 19

(vmPFC) brain region involved in processing risk, reward, emotion regulation, and decision-making, particularly in social and emotional contexts.

Question 20

Experimental paradigm

Answer 20

structured approach used in research to test specific hypotheses through controlled experimental procedures.

Question 21

Processing

Answer 21

mental activities involved in interpreting, organizing, and integrating information to make sense of experiences and guide responses.

Question 22

Judgement

Answer 22

process of forming opinions, evaluations, or conclusions about information, situations, or people based on reasoning, experiences, and biases.

Question 23

Decision Making

Answer 23

selecting a course of action from multiple alternatives based on evaluating information, preferences, and potential outcomes.

Question 24

Temporal Lobe

Answer 24

crucial role in processing auditory information, language comprehension, and memory, all of which are fundamental to understanding behavior and emotional regulation

Question 25

The Limbic System

Answer 25

Complex network of brain structures, including the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus, that regulates emotions, memory, motivation, and behavior

Question 26

The amygdala

Answer 26

responsible for processing emotions, especially fear and aggression, and plays a significant role in emotional learning and memory, influencing how we respond to threats and emotionally charged situations

Question 27

The hypothalamus

Answer 27

Regulates essential functions such as hunger, thirst, body temperature, and the sleep-wake cycle

Question 28

The hippocampus

Answer 28

Plays a central role in forming, organizing, and storing memories, particularly in converting short-term memories into long-term ones

Question 30

Localization of Brain Function

Answer 30

Specific areas of the brain are responsible for distinct functions, such as sensory processing, movement control, language, and cognition, meaning that different brain regions specialize in particular tasks or behaviors

Question 31

Dual Processing Model for Thinking and Decision Making

Answer 31

The dual processing system refers to the brain's ability to process information through two distinct pathways: the fast, automatic, emotional responses of the intuitive system (system 1) and the slower, deep, critical thinking of the analytical system (system 2)

Question 32

Case study

Answer 32

in in-depth analysis of an individual or group to understand their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors within their specific social, cultural, or environmental context, often utilizing qualitative methods to gain insights into their psychological functioning.

Question 33

Testosterone

Answer 33

hormone primarily produced in the testes in men and ovaries in women, playing a crucial role in the development of male physical characteristics,aggression levels, sex drive, and bone density, as well as influencing mood and energy levels.

Question 34

Social Dominance

Answer 34

Hierarchical ranking of individuals or groups within a society, where those higher in status exert more power and control over resources and social interactions.

Question 35

Social Threat Perception

Answer 35

process by which individuals assess and respond to perceived threats from others in their social environment, influencing their emotional and behavioral responses based on factors such as past experiences, social identity, and contextual cues.

Question 36

Stress Response

Answer 36

The stress response is the body’s quick reaction to a perceived threat, releasing hormones to help it either confront or escape the situation

Question 37

Adrenal Gland

Answer 37

The adrenal glands are small glands located above each kidney that produce essential hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, which help regulate metabolism, immune response, blood pressure, and the body’s response to stress.

Question 38

HPA Axis

Answer 38

The HPA axis (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis) is a complex system involving the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal glands, which work together to regulate the body’s response to stress by releasing hormones like cortisol

Question 39

Cortisol

Answer 39

Cortisol is a hormone released by the adrenal glands in response to stress, playing a key role in regulating metabolism, immune function, and blood sugar levels to help the body cope with long term stress.

Question 40

Pituitary Gland

Answer 40

is a small pea-sized gland at the base of the brain that controls other glands in the endocrine system and regulates vital functions like growth, metabolism, and stress response by releasing various hormones.