Intro to Research

Question 1

(old French) “reserchier”

Answer 1

RESEARCH

Question 2

• to investigate thoroughly
• to search and search again

Answer 2

RESEARCH

Question 3

Looking for an answer to a query using the most logical and valid method

Answer 3

RESEARCH

Question 4

• A hunt for the truth
• An art of scientific investigation

Answer 4

RESEARCH

Question 5

RESEARCH is consists of:

Answer 5

1. Asking a question that nobody has asked before
2. Doing the necessary work to find the answers
3. Communicating the knowledge you have acquired to a larger audience

Question 6

is a systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions

Answer 6

RESEARCH

Question 7

A question or a problem that has not been answered by any of the existing studies or research within your field

Answer 7

RESEARCH: “FILLING IN KNOWLEDGE GAP”

Question 8

How to find a RESEARCH GAP?

Answer 8

• Do a systematic review of existing literature relevant to your area of research
• Reading review articles on a particular area of research is the easiest way to understand the gap in research in a short time
• Look for the limitations, controversies, or contradictions in the literature
• Focus on the “recommendations for future research” or conclusion section of existing studies in the research or review
• You can fill the gaps by providing new evidence, arguments, or insights that contribute to the advancement of the field

Question 9

The main purpose or goal of research is the preservation and improvement of the quality of human life

Answer 9

PURPOSES OF RESEARCH

Question 10

PURPOSES OF RESEARCH

Answer 10

1. To discover new facts.
2. To find answers to problems which are only partially solved by existing methods and information
3. Improve existing techniques and develop new instruments or products
4. To provide basis for decision-making in business, education, industry, government, etc.
5. To satisfy the researcher’s curiousity
6. To improve educational practices
7. To promote health and prolong life
8. To make life easier, better and more comfortable

Question 11

Leads to the development of new technologies, products, and solutions that address real-world problems and improves quality of life

Answer 11

INNOVATION AND INVENTION

Question 12

Leads to the discovery of new treatments, drugs, and medical procedures that save lives and improve patient outcomes

Answer 12

MEDICAL BREAKTHROUGHS

Question 13

Cultivates critical thinking skills, problem-solving abilities and intellectual curiosity, contributing to personal and academic growth

Answer 13

PERSONAL GROWTH

Question 14

Improvements in educational methods and curious development, enhancing learning experiences for students at all levels

Answer 14

EDUCATIONAL ENHANCEMENT

Question 15

Development of new techniques, best practices and guidelines in various professions, ensuring that practitioners stay current and competent

Answer 15

PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Question 16

IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH

Answer 16

• INNOVATION AND INVENTION
• MEDICAL BREAKTHROUGHS
• GLOBAL HEALTH PREPAREDNESS
• PERSONAL GROWTH
• EDUCATIONAL ENHANCEMENT
• PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
• ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

Question 17

Importance of Research in the Field of OPTOMETRY

Answer 17

1. Enhancing Clinical Practice
2. Developing Innovative Treatments
3. Early Detection and Prevention
4. Contact Lens and Visual Aid Advancements
5. Public Health Impact
6. Customizing Treatment Approach
7. Contributing to Interdisciplinary Collaboration
8. Validation of Clinical Protocols

Question 18

It follows an orderly and sequential procedures that leads to discovery.

Answer 18

Research is systematic

Question 19

There is critical analysis of all data used so that there is no error in interpretation

Answer 19

Research is analytical

Question 20

No effort to alter results

Answer 20

Research is objective, unbiased, and logical.

Question 21

is used to guide the investigation process

Answer 21

Hypothesis

Question 22

are transformed to numerical measures and are treated to determine their significance or usefulness.

Answer 22

Data

Question 23

are from primary sources or first-hand sources, not from secondary

Answer 23

Data

Question 24

use valid procedures and valid data gathering instruments as supervised by a research adviser/consultant.

Answer 24

Researcher

Question 25

All conclusions are based on actual evidences.

Answer 25

Research is accurate investigation, observation and description

Question 26

This is to ensure accuracy of data.

Answer 26

Research is patient and unhurried

Question 27

Research involves much work and time

Answer 27

Research requires an effort-making capacity

Question 28

CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD RESEARCH

Answer 28

1. Research is systematic 2. Research is analytical 3. Research is objective, unbiased, and logical. 4. Research employs hypothesis 5. Research employs quantitative or statistical methods 6. Research is original work 7. Research is done by an expert 8. Research is accurate investigation, observation and description 9. Research is patient and unhurried 10. Research requires an effort-making capacity

Question 29

Variables to be observed is indicated

Answer 29

Specific

Question 30

Variables can be measured

Answer 30

Measurable

Question 31

Empirical data can be collected, variable can be observed

Answer 31

Attainable

Question 32

Practical methods available forobserving and measuring the variables

Answer 32

Realistic

Question 33

Specification of time

Answer 33

Timebound

Question 34

Must report whatever he finds even if it is not in consonance with his own expectations or preference.

Answer 34

OBJECTIVITY

Question 35

which motivates the researcher not to readily accept the method, result and interpretation of data without subjecting them through analyses and reflection.

Answer 35

CRITICAL MIND

Question 36

Allows the researcher to be questioned about his methods, data and interpretations and to consider suggestions that will improve and ensure and quality output.

Answer 36

OPENNESS

Question 37

Encourages the researcher to seek out help and resources from all possible sources, not to limit himself to a few when more are available to him.

Answer 37

RESOURCEFULNESS

Question 38

which enables the researcher to endure and be persistent no matter how slow, discouraging and full with problems the work is.

Answer 38

PATIENCE

Question 39

Systematic in the conduct of research and in handling arguments against the conduct and result of the research.

Answer 39

LOGICAL THINKING

Question 40

not only in the conduct of research, that is, doing it as planned and approved but also in dealing with the research staff and the people who will be the sources of the required information.

Answer 40

ETHICAL

Question 41

Essential Factors for Effective Research

Answer 41

1. Money 2. Men 3. Materials

Question 42

Qualities of a Good Researcher

Answer 42

1. Objectivity 2. Critical Mind 3. Openness 4. Resourcefulness 5. Patience 6. Logical Thinking 7. Ethical

Question 43

THE RESEARCH PROCESS

Answer 43

1. IDENTIFICATION OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM 2. PLANNING THE RESEARCH 3. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE RESEARCH 4. DISSEMINATION AND UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH RESULTS

Question 44

- Research begins with a question in the mind of the researcher - An inquisitive mind is the beginning of research - Research demands the identification of a problem, stated in clear unambiguous terms

Answer 44

IDENTIFICATION OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

Question 45

Research three key elements

Answer 45

1. Clear research questions 2. Relevant theory 3. Appropriate methods

Question 46

Research requires a plan • Clear objectives provide direction in planning the study. Research builds on the existing work of others • Literature review helps in focusing and designing the study.

Answer 46

PLANNING THE RESEARCH

Question 47

- Research design - Study site, study population and study grp, recruitment - Sampling design and sample size determination - Plans for data collection, processing and analysis - Plan for dissemination and utilization of results

Answer 47

Research Protocol

Question 48

TYPES OF RESEARCH

Answer 48

1. DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH 2. HISTORICAL RESEARCH 3. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

Question 49

Describes “what is”

Answer 49

DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH

Question 50

Aims to accurately and systematically describe a population, situation or phenomenon.

Answer 50

DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH

Question 51

Answer what, where, when and how questions, but not why questions.

Answer 51

DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH

Question 52

Describes “what was”

Answer 52

HISTORICAL RESEARCH

Question 53

A process of collecting and interpreting data about past events or ideas in order to find how they affected the present events and ideas.

Answer 53

HISTORICAL RESEARCH

Question 54

Describes “what will be”

Answer 54

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

Question 55

Researchers introduce an intervention and study the effects.

Answer 55

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

Question 56

It permits conclusions about cause-and-effect relationships between variables.

Answer 56

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

Question 57

- An original written paper, which demonstrates and indicates mastery of particular skills learned during an academic term or semester.

Answer 57

TERM PAPER

Question 58

A textual work specifically prepared to relay detailed information such as results of an experiment, observation, investigation, inquiry, event, or any first-hand experiences.

Answer 58

REPORT

Question 59

Old term for research or study

Answer 59

THESIS

Question 60

A research output conducted by a graduate or undergraduate student in partial fulfillment of the course or degree requirement and which shall be defended before a panel of examiners/reviewers.

Answer 60

THESIS

Question 61

According to Campbell, a dissertation is a research paper submitted by candidate for the DOCTORAL degree.

Answer 61

DISSERTATION

Question 62

This paper requires more research and more extensive development of ideas than a master's thesis.

Answer 62

DISSERTATION