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Head and Neck > Intro to Skull > Flashcards

Intro to Skull Flashcards

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1
Q

When does the fetal skull start developing?

A

4 weeks embryologically

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2
Q

Why are the bones of the fetal skull pliable?

A

To allow passage through the birth canal via bone overlap

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3
Q

What are the six fontelles?

A

Fontelles are the “soft spots” that allow for bones of the skull to overlap:

  • anterior/frontal
  • posterior/occipital (at lamboidal suture)
  • anterolateral/sphenoidal (paired)
  • posterolateral/mastoid
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4
Q

What are deep to the fontelles?

A

Venous and CSF drainage routes for the brain & dura

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5
Q

What is the clinical significance of sunken fontelles?

A

Not enough fluid in the skull (low venous blood volume)

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6
Q

What is the clinical significance of raised fontelles?

A

Increase in intracranial pressure (swelling of the brain or not enough venous drainage)

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7
Q

What two main portions make up the skull?

A

Cranium (Viscerocranium & Neurocranium) + Mandible

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8
Q

What two parts make up the neurocranium?

A

Cranial Vault & Cranial Base

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9
Q

What are the paired bones of the skull?

A

8: Parietal, Nasals, Temporal, Lacrimals, Inferior Nasal Conchae, Maxilla, Palatines, Zygomatics

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10
Q

What are the unpaired bones of the skull?

A

6: Occipital, Sphenoid, Frontal, Ethmoid, Vomer, Mandible

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11
Q

What are the auditory ossicles?

A

Malleus, Incus, Stapes

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12
Q

What are the three paired synovial joints?

A

Malleus-Stapes, Incus-Stapes, & Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)

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13
Q

What is the zygomatic arch composed of?

A

Zygomatic process of the temporal bone + Temporal process of the zygomatic bone

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14
Q

What separates the two nasal cavities?

A

The nasal septum, which is composed of parts of ethmoid, palatine, and the entire vomer (also the septal cartilage)

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15
Q

What makes up the majority of the temporal bone?

A

The squamous portion

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16
Q

This section is a feature of TMJ and attached to an additional bone

A

Zygomatic arch

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17
Q

What is the primary function of the articular tubercule?

A

Prevents over-protrusion of the mandible

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18
Q

What does the tympanic plate makeup?

A

Floor and anterior wall of the external auditory meatus

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19
Q

What significance does the Styloid process have?

A

Origin for muscles with “stylo” in the name

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20
Q

What houses the middle and internal part of the ear?

A

Petrous portion (very resilient)

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21
Q

What do the grooves and hiatus for the petrosal nerves innervate?

A

Mucus membranes, parotid, & lacrimal glands

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22
Q

What does the petrous ridge divide?

A

Posterior and Middle Cranial Fossae

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23
Q

What is the function of the Mastoid?

A

Serves as the origin for Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscle

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24
Q

What cranial nerve enters the Internal Acoustic Meatus?

A

CN VIII- Vestibocochlear Nerve

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25
Which bone is the superior orbital fissure located?
Sphenoid Bone
26
Where does the superior orbital fissure transmit nerves and vessels?
From middle cranial fossa to the orbit
27
What is the function of the body of the sphenoid?
It houses sphenoid sinuses that drain via sphenoidal ostia or apertures
28
What serves as a passageway for nerves and vessels from the middle cranial fossa and into the pterygopalatine fossa?
Pterygoid Canal
29
What are the muscle attachment sites in the sphenoid?
Medial and Lateral Pterygoid Plates & Pterygoid Process
30
What does the Hamulus do? What is it a part of?
Serves as a pulley for the tensor veli palantini muscle of the soft palate
31
Where does the perpendicular plate sit? What bone is it part of?
On top of the nasal septum; ethmoid
32
What makes up the bulk of the roof of the nasal cavities?
Cribiform Plate
33
Where does the falx celebri attach to? What bone is this a part of?
Crista Galli; Ethmoid
34
Where is the orbital plate?
On ethmoid bone (medial to the orbit)
35
What serve as the lateral walls of the nasal cavities?
Superior and middle nasal conchae
36
What does the Ramus attach?
Body of the mandible to TMJ
37
What does the body of the mandible house?
Alveolar processes
38
True or False: The condyle articulates the mandible with the parietal bone.
False. The condyle articulates the mandible with the temporal bone.
39
Which bone can the coronoid process be found?
Mandible
40
What does the lingua mark?
The opening of the mandibular canal
41
True or False: The mandibular canal is a passageway for superior alveolar nerve
False: The mandibular canal is a passageway for inferior alveolar nerve and vessels
42
When does the syphasis (jxn of two mandibular bodies) fuse?
During the first year of life
43
What are the major openings in/out of the skull?
Nasal cavities, orbit, oral cavity, external auditory meatus, , Piriform aperture, choanae (nasal cavities to/from nasopharynx), opening deep to zygomatic arch
44
What two fossae does the opening deep to the zygomatic arch allow for communication between?
Infratemporal fossae and temporal fossae
45
What lines bound the temporal fossa?
Superior and inferior temporal lines
46
What is the infratemporal fossa deep to?
Temporalis and ramus of the mandible
47
What fossa is deep to the infratemporal fossa?
Pterygopalatine Fossa
48
Where is the Pterygomaxillary fissure located?
Deep to the pterygopalatine fossa, between the greater wings of the sphenoid and posterior maxillary sinus walls
49
What fossas divide the cranial base?
Anterior, Middle, and Posterior Cranial Fossae
50
What is the name of the region that the pituitary gland sits?
Pituitary/hypophyseal fossa
51
How many paranasal sinuses are there?
4
52
What does the coronal suture separate?
The frontal and parietal bones
53
Where is the sagittal suture?
Between the parietal bones
54
What does the lamboid suture separate?
The occipital and parietal bones
55
What is the joint between the basilar part of the occipital and sphenoid bones?
Basicranial synchrondrosis
56
True or False: The sphenosquamous suture separates the parietal and temporal bones.
False; The sphenosquamous suture separates the sphenoid and squamous of the parietal bone--The squamosal suture separates the parietal and temporal bones
57
What sutures interact with the zygomatic bone?
Zygomaticomaxillary & zygomaticotemporal sutures
58
What sutures interact with the mastoid process of the temporal bone?
Parietomastoid & Occipitomastoid suture
59
What is the cruciate suture composed of?
Intermaxillary, maxillary-palatine, & interpalatine suture
60
Where is the cruciate suture found?
On the hard palate
61
What can be affected by premature cranial suture closing?
shape of the head, TMJ, dental crowding, & brain development
62
Where is the Porion?
Top middlemost point of the external auditory meatus
63
What is the point where the temporal, sphenoid, parietal, & frontal bones meet?
Pterion
64
Where do the temporal, parietal, & occipital bones meet?
Asterion
65
What is the opisthocranion?
The external most part of the cranium (usually on your external occipital protuberance)
66
Where is the inion?
External occipital protuberance
67
Is the basion the anterior or posterior part of the foramen magnum?
Anterior
68
What is the topmost point of the skull?
Vertex
69
What is the nasion the intersection of?
The frontonasal suture and the internasal sutures
70
True or False: The glabella is located superior to the nasion.
True
71
What two sutures form the Bregma?
The coronal and sagittal sutures
72
Why would a blow to the pterion be clinically serious?
1) Bones around the pterion are thin and weak | 2) Deep to the pterion are branches of the middle meningeal artery that are easily ruptured
73
What is another name for your eyebrow ridge?
Superciliary arch
74
What is the anterior nasal spine?
Bony projection at the base of the piriform aperture
75
What do the mid-incisal lines mark?
Midpoint between the upper central teeth and the lower incisors
76
Where do posterior neck muscles attach?
Superior and inferior nuchal lines
77
True or False: Emissary veins leave the parietal foramina
True
78
Where is the posterior nasal spine located?
At the base of the choanae
79
What significant bone articulates with the occipital condyles?
C1--The atlas
80
What is the purpose of the Pharyngeal tubercule?
A site for muscle attachment
81
True or False: The frontal sinus looks similar within specific ethnicities
False: The frontal sinus is as unique to each person as a fingerprint
82
Where is the cribiform plate? What rests on the plate?
On the ethmoid bone; the olfactory bulb can be found here
83
What anchors the falx cerebri?
Crista galli
84
Where can the pituitary gland be found?
The sella turcica/hypophyseal fossa
85
What does the clivus form a "ramp" for?
It leads to the foramen magnum
86
Where do all the venous sinuses meet in the skull?
Internal Occipital Protuberance

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