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Intro to Social Theory 2019 > Intro to Social Theory Wk 5 to 6 Education, Employment, Health Crime and Deviance > Flashcards

Intro to Social Theory Wk 5 to 6 Education, Employment, Health Crime and Deviance Flashcards

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1
Q

Modern education 3 R’s

Education

A
  1. Reading
  2. Riting
  3. Rithmatic
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2
Q

5 myths

Education

A
  1. Individual (not family - its up to you)
  2. Nation as a group of individuals (Making Aus better)
  3. Progress (we need to get better and better)
  4. Socialisation and life cycle continuity
  5. State as the guardian of nation and culture
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3
Q

Overall design of an educational program (what should be focused on) individual subjects through the aims of educational program may achieve
(Education)

A

Curriculum

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4
Q

Social learning occurring in education but not part of official of the curriculum.
(Education)

A

Hidden curriculum

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5
Q

Hidden curriculum teaches

Education

A
  • Social conventions
  • Social hierarchy
  • Obedience to authority
  • Conformity to cultural norms
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6
Q

School teaches children

Education

A
  1. Truth comes from authority
  2. Intelligence is the ability to remember and repeat
  3. Accurate memory and repetition are rewarded
  4. Non-compliance is punished
  5. Conform: intellectually and socially
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7
Q

Home school occurs

Education

A
  1. Religious beliefs

2. Heightened sense of parental responsibility for education

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8
Q

Crisis in boys education

Education

A

Where academic success is seen as a feminine characteristic

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9
Q

Public or state schools

Education

A

Free or low cost

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10
Q

Private school

Education

A

Pay tuition

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11
Q

Catholic school

Education

A

Independent

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12
Q

Education assumption

Education

A

Higher quality, moral benefits, more intensive pupil supervision

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13
Q

William and Carpenter (1991) argue

Education

A

Parents who are willing and able to pay for private education are already advantaged
(paying more to learn better)
- Gender also matters

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14
Q

Emphasis on efficiency

(Education) -

A

More to achieve with fewer student ratios

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15
Q

Market orientation

Education

A

Competition in education where schools compete in market share. (retain students)

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16
Q

Greater state of control

Education

A

Standardised national testing and productivity (NAPLAN, less schools + funding)

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17
Q

Instrumentalism

Education

A

Use education system to produce economic benefits (focus on skill shortage, more vocational/skill based position)

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18
Q

Max Weber and formal Organisation

(Education) - Bureaucratisation and Cost

A

Characteristics of bureaucracy are division of labour, rules and regulations, impersonality, hierarchy of authority and technical qualifications

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19
Q

Cost of schooling affects

(Education) - Bureaucratisation and Cost

A

Education attainment

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20
Q
  1. Credentials are more cultural exclusionary and technical…
    (Education) -
    Motivations and credentialism
A

Degree thresholds become more important than training

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21
Q
  1. Credentials don’t directly equate to…
    (Education) -
    Motivations and credentialism
A

Substantive knowledge

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22
Q

Credentials act as…
(Education) -
Motivations and credentialism

A

Exclusionary, cultural entry barriers’ to jobs

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23
Q

Inflation of credentials drives to educational expansion…
(Education) -
Motivations and credentialism

A

leads to credential crisis that prompts state to further regulate the credential market

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24
Q

Will good education get you a job

Education

A

No guarantee

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25
Teacher expectancy effect | Education
affects student performance (positive and negative)
26
Define health | Health
Absence of disease
27
Health is directly related to... | Health
- Functionality - Life circumstances - Socioeconomic circumstances
28
World health Organisation say health is | Health
State of complete physical, mental, social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or informity
29
Social Epidemology is... | Health
study of distribution of disease and health throughout a society's population
30
Men are more than likely than women to... | (Health) and gender
Engage in higher levels of risk taking behaviour (hegemonic masculinity)
31
Mean and women have differences... | (Health) and gender
In their approach and desire for health care
32
Wealth is... | (Health) and social class
A strong predictor of health and longevity
33
The lower a persons social and economic situation | (Health) and social class
The worse his or her health will be (both men and women
34
Location affects health... | (Health) and neighborhoods
- Urban - Regional - Rural
35
People in higher socioeconomic areas have | (Health) and neighborhoods
Better health and higher levels of health literacy
36
Higher levels of obesity, overweight are found in lower socioeconomic area (Health) and neighborhoods
Limited recreational activities and fewer opportunities for physical exercise (bikeways etc.)
37
Environmental Justice... | (Health) and neighborhoods
Poorer neighborhoods experience environmental pollution
38
People from poorer neighborhoods are more likely to... | (Health) and neighborhoods
Risky behaviour (illicit drugs, alcohol)
39
People from poorer neighborhoods are more likely to suffer from mental illness (Health) and neighborhoods
Due to psychological distress due to fear of crime, lack of trust and feeling unsafe
40
No human group can exist... | Crime vs. Deviance
without norms
41
Norms bring about... | Crime vs. Deviance
Social order
42
Norms lay out basic guidelines for... | Crime vs. Deviance
how we should play our roles and interact with others
43
Formal and informal means of enforcing norms... | Crime vs. Deviance
Groups develop systems of social control
44
Define Crime | Crime vs. Deviance
Refers to breaking or violating laws
45
Define deviance | Crime vs. Deviance
Refers to rule or norm breaking behaviour
46
Not all criminal behaviour are deviant.. | Crime vs. Deviance
Not all deviant behaviour is criminal
47
Deviance is... | Crime vs. Deviance
- Linked to time - Linked to cultural values - Cultural and universal (society defines deviance, not individuals)
48
Sanctions | Crime vs. Deviance
Positive and negative (serve to reinforce norms)
49
``` Shaming types (x2) (Crime vs. Deviance) ```
1. Stigmatised shame (permanent label) negative meaning to behaviour 2. Reintergrative shaming (Brings offender back into community after punishment)
50
Aus legal system relies on | Aus Legal system
Deterrence
51
General deterrence | Aus Legal system
Ensures individuals won't commit a crime because they see the negative consequences apply to others
52
Specific deterrence | Aus Legal system
occurs to individuals who have violated the law and already punished
53
Recidivism | Aus Legal system
Repetitious criminal activity (being being use to prison)
54
Alternatives to prison | Aus Legal system
1. Restorative justice 2. Reparation (contrast to tradition retributive aim of punishment) 3. Dialogue between offender and victim in criminal justice process
55
Crime problem | Crime and media
- Law and order commonsense - Soaring crime rates - Soft on crime
56
Police Fetishism | Crime and media
Police are functional prerequisites to social order
57
Far removed from reality | Crime and media
CSI effect
58
Dark figure of crime | Crime and media
Statistics are not completely accurate (not all crimes are reported)
59
Street crimes | Crime and media
Publicly visible - Assault - Burglery - Rape
60
Positivist | Deviance
Assumes that people are naturally good
61
The classical school | Deviance
Individuals make rational choices based on pleasure/pain calculations
62
Differential Association Theory Edwin Sutherland (Deviance and Social control)
Perspective emphasises that that criminal and deviant behaviour is learned (x9)
63
Containment Theory Walter Reckless | Deviance and Social control
Internal control and external forces
64
4 social bonds Travis Hirschi (Deviance and Social control)
1. Attachment 2. Commitment 3. Involvement 4. Belief
65
Relationships between power and Knowledge Michael Foucault (Deviance and Social control)
Shift between punishment and discipline and process of normalisation
66
Biomedicine views health or illness as | Health - Biomedical Model
Dysfunction that need fixing through treatment and cures to regain normal functioning
67
The biomedical approach to health and illness is concerned with... (Health - Biomedical Model)
Intervention, rather than prevention, and locates disease within the individual
68
On of the main criticisms of the biomedical model is... | Health - Biomedical Model
It separates the mind and body as discrete units, presenting the body as a machine that is isolated from the influence of the mind.
69
Biomedical model fails to... | Health- Biomedical Model
Adopt a holistic approach to the human body which places the body in a wider social context
70
Ivan Llinch argues that medical professionals hold considerable influence in our society through... (Health - Medicalisation of Society)
Their ability to define a wide array of social life as medical problems requiring "expert" intervention or medicalisation
71
Historically, science has assumed dominance on a parallel with religious doctrine in early periods... (Health - Medicalisation of Society)
If science is the new religion, i's priests are the medical profession, In monopolizing health and illness, the medical profession assumed important social control functions (ie. deviance)
72
Birth/Death Certificates | Health - Medicalisation of Society
Medicalisation
73
DMS | Health - Medicalisation of Society
Growing with diagnosis
74
Many marinal behaviours | Health - Medicalisation of Society
Are considered to be problematic
75
Homosexual behavior was deemed as deviant | Health - Medicalisation of Society
And was medicalised
76
Population is increasingly coming under the scrutiny of what is (Health - Medicalisation of Society)
Clinical gaze
77
Health measures that society are required to undertake by the medical profession (Health - Medicalisation of Society)
- Don't smoke - Eat healthy - Exercise etc.
78
Medical profession occupies a powerful position to construct a picture of normalcy (health) and deviance (Health - Medicalisation of Society)
- Rise in cosmetic surgery industry | _Suddenly ugly is a disease
79
Thomas Szazs | Health - Medicalisation of Society
Broadly suggests that mental illness is a false concept (Mental illness is a myth)
80
Social construct, many medical conditions Social rather than biological conditions (Health - Medicalisation of Society)
- Conditions may have environmental causes (ADHD - lacking space and toys for child to play with) - Can be personality - Boundaries of normal is subjective, rather than objective
81
The sick role | (Health - Medicalisation of Society) Functional
Patients and doctors work in a cooperative manner to ensure positive health outcomes

Intro to Social Theory 2019 (5 decks)

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