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Intro to Sociology Flashcards

1
Q

sociology

A

scientific study of society and human behavior

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2
Q

society

A

the organization of people within a similar territory or area with a shared culture

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3
Q

origins of sociology

A

civil war (race) & industrial revolution (class struggle)

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4
Q

What was introduced around the same time as sociology?

A

in the mid-1800’s, the scientific method was introduced

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5
Q

basic sociology

A

analyze society and publish findings in journals/other forms of literature

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6
Q

applied sociology

A

analyzed society and use findings to solve problems and bring about change

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7
Q

public sociology

A

applying sociology for public good with an emphasis on policy making

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8
Q

August Comte

A

founder of sociology, purpose was to discover social principles and apply them to social reform, wanted sociologists to make society a better place to live

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9
Q

positivism

A

appliance of the scientific method to understand the social world

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10
Q

Herbert Spencer

A

coined “survival of the fittest”, fittest people adapt to their environments, thought helping the poor is wrong and sociologists should not guide reform

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11
Q

Karl Marx

A

believed engine of human history was class conflict, society is two classes (bourgeoisie and proletariat) and there would be a revolution, introduced conflict theory

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12
Q

Emile Durkheim

A

got sociology recognized as a separate academic discipline, showed how social forces affect people’s behavior, identified social integration

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13
Q

social integration

A

the degree to which members of a group or a society feel united

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14
Q

Max Weber

A

traced causes of social change with history and determined how social groups affect people’s orientations to life, believed religion is the central force in social change

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15
Q

Harriet Martineau

A

studied U.S. customs, traveled and talked to people in order to do research, advocate for social reform and advocate for improvement

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16
Q

Jane Adams

A

worked on behalf of poor immigrants, worked towards social justice, co-founded Hull House, co-founded the American Civil Liberties Union

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17
Q

W. E. B. DuBois

A

studied relations between between African Americans and whites, was a critic of racism, embraced revolutionary Marxism

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18
Q

C. Wright Mills

A

controversial b/c of his analysis the power elite’s role in U.S. society, urged sociologists to work on social reform, warned that the nation faced an imminent threat to freedom

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19
Q

George H. Meade

A

one of the founders of symbolic interactionism

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20
Q

symbolic interactionism

A

major theoretical perspective in sociology

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21
Q

First Step of Scientific Research

A

Selecting a Topic

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22
Q

Second Step of Scientific Research

A

Defining the Problem

23
Q

Third Step of Scientific Research

A

Review the LIterature

24
Q

Fourth Step of Scientific Research

A

Formulate a Hypothesis

25
Fifth Step of Scientific Research
Choose a Research Method
26
Sixth Step of Scientific Research
Collect the Data
27
Seventh Step of Scientific Research
Analyze the Results
28
Eighth Step of Scientific Research
Share the Results
29
survey
method of research in which a random narrow sample is selected
30
participant observation
researcher participates in a research setting while observing what is happening, typically followed by interviewing
31
case studies
focuses on a single event, situation, or individual, purpose is to understand the dynamics of relationships and power or even the thinking that motivates people
32
secondary analysis
researchers analyze data that others have collected
33
documents
examine diverse sources such as books, newspapers, diaries, bank records, police reports, immigration files, and records kept by an organization
34
experiments
control and experimental group, compare results
35
unobtrusive measures
ways to observe people who are not aware they are being studied, to record the behavior of people in public settings without announcing that you are doing so is acceptable, in private settings this is not
36
Sociological Perspective Theory
examines the social context in which people live and how these contexts influence people's lives, the center focus of this theory is how people are influenced by their society
37
social location
group memberships that people hold within a society
38
symbolic interactionism
signs and symbols establish meaning, help people develop their views, and help people communicate with one another
39
conflict theory
society is viewed as groups that are competing for resources and power
40
functional analysis
society is viewed as a complex system of parts (structures) that interact to perform various necessary functions, when fulfilled society is balanced or normal (the harmonious whole)
41
What are the three theories to studying sociology?
symbolic interactionism, conflict theory, functional analysis
42
group dynamics
the ways in which individuals affect groups and the ways in which groups influence individuals
43
groupthink
a narrowing of thought by a group of people, leading to the perception that there is only one correct answer and that to even suggest alternatives is a sign of disloyalty
44
What was the "Asch Experiment"?
an experiment testing peer pressure
45
What was the Stanford Prison Study?
Philip Zimbardo put together a fake prison to find out why they are such nasty places, testing if "good" people put in bad situations turns them into bad people
46
What is the power of context?
the situation that one is in drives their behavior
47
What is the fundamental attribution error?
when we examine other people and their behavior, we overestimate their traits and characteristics and underestimate the importance of situation and context
48
What are the three primary ethical issues in sociological research?
rights to privacy, the use of deception, and possible discomfort or harm
49
Who regulates sociological research?
Institutional Review Board and the Belmont Report
50
What was the Stanley Milgram experiment?
tested "obedience to authority" after the start of Adolph Eichmann's trial for war crimes
51
What was the Tuskegee Syphilis Study?
government promised treatment for African-American men with syphilis, when in reality they did not treat them and only wanted to find out the effects of the disease
52
What was the Willowbrook Study?
a group of mentally retarded children were given the hepatitis virus with the purpose of studying the disease when untreated and assess the effects of gamma globulin
53
What was the Laud Humphreys Study?
study about why men had "tearoom" relations

Sociology (1 decks)

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