Intro to study of cells

Question 1

What is characteristic of life?

Answer 1

• have metabolic activity
• use homeostatic control
• show growth, development and reproduction
• DNA is molecule of inheritance
• have adaptive potential
• display diversity

Question 2

level of organisation in life?

Answer 2

biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, multicellular organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle, molecule, atom, subatomic particle

Question 3

what is the finding of Friedrich Wohler?

Answer 3

synthesized urea from ammonium cyanate which shows urea is not special

Question 4

differences between the researchs of Louis Pasteur and Edward Buchner?

Answer 4

Louis found that living yeast can make alcohol while Edward found that the extract of yeast can make alcohol

Question 5

who is Gustav Embden and Otto Meyerhof?

Answer 5

owner of embden-meyerhof pathway and glycolisis

Question 6

what is ancestor cells called?

Answer 6

cenancestor

Question 7

what is the 3 domain system?

Answer 7

archaea, bacteria and eukarya

Question 8

what type of membrane does bact and eukarya have?

Answer 8

the membrane composed of unbranched fatty acid chain attached to glycerol by ester linkage

Question 9

what type of membrane does archaea has?

Answer 9

the membrane composed of branched hydrocarbon chain attached to glycerol by ether linkages

Question 10

which has smaller and simple cell, prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells?

Answer 10

prokaryotic cells

Question 11

smaller the cell, greater the surface-to-volume ratio

Answer 11

true

Question 12

in smaller cell, limited surface area compared to its volume therefore nutrient can’t rapidly diffuse to all interior parts

Answer 12

false. larger cell not smaller.

Question 13

structure of virus?

Answer 13

DNA, sheath, protein coat, tail fibre, base plate

Question 14

what types of bacteria (E.coli) flagellar?

Answer 14

monotrichous, amphitrichous, lophotinchous, peritrichous

Question 15

differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes in terms of locomotor organelles?

Answer 15

eukaryotic cells: may have flagella/cillia, has distinct arrangement of sliding microtubules surrounded by membranes, microtubule arrangement is 2x9+2 arrangement.

prokaryotic cells: some have flagella, has single, rotating fibril, not surrounded by membrane, no cillia

Question 16

differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes in terms of nuclear body?

Answer 16

eukaryotic cells: bounded by nuclear membrane, contain 1/more paired, linear chromosome composed of DNA associated with histone protein, nucleolus present, nuclear body called nucleus

prokaryotic cells: not bounded by nuclear membrane, contain 1 circular chromosome composed of DNA associated with histone-like protein, no nucleolus, nuclear body called nucleoid

Question 17

differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes in terms of cell division?

Answer 17

eukaryotic cells: by mitosis, sex cells in diploid organisms are produced through meiosis

prokaryotic cells: usually binary fission, no mitosis. organisms are haploid which no meiosis needed

Question 18

differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes in terms of cytoplasmic membrane?

Answer 18

eukaryotic cells: cytoplasmic membrane is fluid phospholipid bilayer contain sterols and carbohydrates. capable of endocytosis and exocytosis

prokaryotic cells: cytoplasmic membrane is a fluid phospholipid bilayer without carbohydrates and lacking sterols. many bacteria contain sterol-like molecules called hopanoids. incapable of endocytosis and exocytosis

Question 19

bacteria that contain sterol-like molecules are called?

Answer 19

hopanoids