Intro To The Nervous System

Question 0

3 subdivisions of the PNS

Answer 0

Somatic nervous system–> skeletal m
Autonomic nervous system–> smooth muscle, cardiac m, glands
Enteric nervous system–> smooth m, glands, endocrine cells of GI tract

Question 1

What are ganglia. What nervous system are they part of

Answer 1

Ganglia - cluster of nerve CELL Bodies in PNS

Question 2

The – canNOT undergo cellular division

Answer 2

Neuron

Question 3

The cell body of the neuron contain – –, rough ER that synthesize proteins for growth and regeneration of damaged axons in PNS

Answer 3

Nissl bodies

Question 4

Flow of impulses from dendrites

Answer 4

Dendrite–> body –> axon –> terminals

Question 5

Anterograde transport = directed forward in time

Answer 5

Products move from body to axon terminals
Develop/regenerate axons
Replenish axoplasm

Question 6

Structural classification of neurons is based on what? List the types

Answer 6

Based on number of processes/dendrites
Multipolar
Bipolar
Unipolar

Question 7

Which structural type of neuron transmits info fastest and why?

Answer 7

Unipolar neuron

Impulse bypasses cell body

Question 8

Functional classification of neurons is based on what? List the types

Answer 8

Functional - direction in which impulse is conveyed
Sensory = afferent = towards CNS
Motor = efferent = away from CNS
Interneuron = bw sensory and motor neurons

Question 9

The neurons of the CNS are – bc there are several dendrites and one axon

Answer 9

Multipolar

Question 10

Purpose of neuroglia

Answer 10

Support, nourish, protect, maintain homeostasis

Do NOT conduct impulses

Question 11

4 types of neuroglia in CNS

Answer 11

Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells

Question 12

2 types of neuroglia in the PNS

Answer 12

Schwann cells

Satellite cells

Question 13

In the blood brain barrier (CNS), – inhibit harmful substances in blood from moving into neurons

Answer 13

Astrocytes

Question 14

– are CNS neuroglia that form and maintain myelin sheaths

Answer 14

Oligodendroctyes

Question 15

– in CNS phagocytose microbes & damaged nervous tissue

Answer 15

Microglia

Question 16

– in CNS form the blood-CSF barrier

Answer 16

Ependymal cells (think epidermis = barrier)

Question 17

PNS neuroglia that forms myelin sheath around axons

Answer 17

Schwann cells

Question 18

When does the process of myelination (PNS) begin?

Answer 18

In utero

Question 19

Outer layer of myelin sheath (PNS)

Answer 19

Schwann cell cytoplasm and nucleus

Question 20

Outermost nucleated cytoplasmic layer of Schwann cells; aide in regeneration

Answer 20

Neurolemma

Question 21

– in CNS myelinates parts of axons

Answer 21

Oligodendrocytes

Question 22

CNS or PNS easier to regenerate and why?

Answer 22

Little regeneration for CNS neurons bc oligodendrocytes lack NEUROLemma

Question 23

– matter contains cell bodies, dendrites, UNmyelinated axons, axon terminals, neuroglia

– matter contains myelinated axons

Answer 23

Gray - UNmyelinated

White - myelinated

Question 24

Distribution of matter in brain

Answer 24

Inner white bc myelinated axons transmit signals from one region of brain to another Thin outer covering of gray

Question 25

Graded potential vs action potential

Answer 25

Graded - short distance | Action - long distance (ie impulse)

Question 26

For a motor response, a -- potential is formed in dendrites -> -- potential travels down axon -> neurotransmitter release

Answer 26

Graded potential in dendrites | Action potential in axon

Question 27

What production of potentials depends on (plasma membrane)

Answer 27

1. Resting membrane potential | 2. Ion channels/flow of ions