intro to urinalysis

Question 1

Wrote a book on uroscopy (5th Century BC)

Answer 1

Hippocrates

Question 2

Developed in 1140 CE to describe the significance of 20 different colors of urine

Answer 2

Color charts

Question 3

Discovered albuminuria by boiling urine (1694)

Answer 3

Frederick Dekkers

Question 4

Developed methods of quantitating microscopic sediments (1925)

Answer 4

Thomas Addis

Question 5

Introduced the concept of urinalysis as part of a doctor’s routine patient examination (1827)

Answer 5

Richard Bright

Question 6

Ultrafiltrate of the plasma

Answer 6

Urine

Question 7

Organic components of urine

Answer 7

Urea, Creatinine, Uric Acid

Question 8

Major inorganic component of urine

Answer 8

Chloride

Question 9

Normal daily urine output

Answer 9

1200-1500mL

Question 10

Decrease in urine output

Answer 10

Oliguria

Question 11

Cessation of urine flow

Answer 11

Anuria

Question 12

Increase in the nocturnal excretion of urine

Answer 12

Nocturia

Question 13

Increase in the daily urine volume

Answer 13

Polyuria

Question 14

Increased or Decreased SG: Diabetes mellitus

Answer 14

Increased

Question 15

Increased or Decreased SG: Diabetes insipidus

Answer 15

Decreased

Question 16

Affected by the number of molecules in the solution

Answer 16

Specific Gravity

Question 17

What are the characteristics of an ideal urine specimen container?

Answer 17

Clean, clear, wide mouthed, dry, leak proof, disposable container, 50mL capacity

Question 18

Specimen volume needed for analysis

Answer 18

12mL

Question 19

T/F: Specimen should be delivered to the laboratory promptly and tested within 3 hours.

Answer 19

False. Should be within 2 hours.

Question 20

T/F: Specimen should be refrigerated (2 to 8C) or have appropriate chemical preservative when there is delay in processing.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Increased or Decreased Clarity: Bacterial growth

Answer 21

Decreased

Question 22

Increased or Decreased Odor: Bacterial multiplication or breakdown of urea to ammonia

Answer 22

Increased

Question 23

Increased or Decreased pH: Breakdown of urea to ammonia by urease-producing bacteria/loss of CO2

Answer 23

Increased

Question 24

Increased or Decreased Glucose: Glycolysis and bacterial use

Answer 24

Decreased

Question 25

Increased or Decreased Ketones: Volatilization and bacterial metabolism

Answer 25

Decreased

Question 26

Increased or Decreased Bilirubin: Exposure to light/photooxidation to biliverdin

Answer 26

Decreased

Question 27

Increased or Decreased Urobilinogen: Oxidation to urobilin

Answer 27

Decreased

Question 28

Increased or Decreased Nitrite: Multiplication of nitrate-reducing bacteria

Answer 28

Increased

Question 29

Increased or Decreased RBC, WBC, & Casts: Disintegration in dilute alkaline urine

Answer 29

Decreased

Question 30

Increased or Decreased Bacteria: Multiplication

Answer 30

Increased

Question 31

Most commonly received specimen

Answer 31

Random Specimen

Question 32

Ideal screening specimen

Answer 32

First Morning Specimen

Question 33

Used for quantitative testing

Answer 33

Timed Specimen

Question 34

Specimen for creatinine clearance

Answer 34

24 hour urine

Question 35

Specimen for amylase testing

Answer 35

2 hour urine (2AM)

Question 36

Specimen for urobilinogen testing

Answer 36

2-hour urine (2PM)

Question 37

Specimen for nitrite determination

Answer 37

4-hour urine

Question 38

Collected under sterile conditions by passing a hollow tube (catheter) through the urethra into the bladder

Answer 38

Catheterized specimen

Question 39

Safer less traumatic method for obtaining urine; less contaminated by epithelial. ells and bacteria

Answer 39

Midstream clean-catch specimen

Question 40

External introduction of a needle thorugh the abdomen

Answer 40

Suprapubic Aspiration

Question 41

Three-glass collection

Answer 41

Prostatitis specimen

Question 42

3 glasses in prostatitis specimen

Answer 42

1: first urine passed (sterile) 2: Midstream portion 3: Urine with Prostate fluid

Question 43

Four-glass urine collection technique

Answer 43

Stamey-Mares Test for Prostatitis

Question 44

T/F: 3rd specimen will have WBC/hpf and bacterisl count 10x that of 1st specimen

Answer 44

True

Question 45

What is 2nd specimen used for

Answer 45

Control for kidney and bladder infection

Question 46

Uses soft clear plastic bags with hypoallergenic skin adhesive for collection

Answer 46

Pediatric specimen

Question 47

Most vulnerable part of a drug-testing program

Answer 47

Urine collection

Question 48

Within how many minutes from the time of collection must urine temperature be taken

Answer 48

4 mins

Question 49

Range of urine temperature

Answer 49

32.5-37.7C

Question 50

Process that involves documentation of proper specimen identification from the time of collection to the receipt of laboratory results

Answer 50

Chain of Custody

Question 51

Second voided urine after a period of fasting

Answer 51

Fasting specimen

Question 52

Urine collected 2 hours after eating

Answer 52

2-hr post prandial specimen