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Micro - Viruses > Intro to Virology > Flashcards

Intro to Virology Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

all viruses are submicroscopic except for

A

Poxviridae

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2
Q

virus, definition

A

submicroscopic protein or lipoprotein packages that harbor either DNA or RNA

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3
Q

characteristics of viruses (6 points)

A
  • submicroscopic
  • obligate intracellular parasites
  • have DNA or RNA but not both
  • not able to produce energy with a high potential
  • absence of ribosomes (Arenaviridae?)
  • replicate by assembly of subunits rather than by binary fission
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4
Q

virion

A

the infectious virus particle

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5
Q

examples of DNA viruses (5)

A
  • Poxviridae
  • Herpetoviridae
  • Adenoviridae
  • Papovaviridae
  • Parvoviridae
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6
Q

examples of RNA viruses (7)

A
  • Paramyxoviridae
  • Rhabdoviridae
  • Orthomyxoviridae
  • Coronaviridae
  • Togaviridae
  • Rheoviridae
  • Picornaviridae
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7
Q

the largest DNA virus is the

A

Poxviridae

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8
Q

the smallest DNA virus is the

A

Parvoviridae

parvo = “small”

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9
Q

largest RNA virus

A

Paramyxoviridae

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10
Q

smallest RNA virus

A

Picornaviridae

pico = “very small”

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11
Q

capsid

A

a protein coat which surrounds and protects the genome of the virus

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12
Q

genome

A

genetic material

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13
Q

icosahedral DNA viruses

A

Herpetoviridae
Adenoviridae
Papovaviridae
Parvoviridae

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14
Q

icosahedral RNA viruses

A

Togaviridae
Rheoviridae
Picornaviridae

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15
Q

helical viruses

A

aka radial viruses

always have an RNA genome

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16
Q

helical RNA viruses

A

Paramyxoviridae
Rhabodoviridae
Orthomyxoviridae

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17
Q

complex or binal viruses

A

have a protein coat that is not a capsid but consists of a complex mixture of protein and lipid material
belong to virus family Poxviridae

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18
Q

envelope

A

lipid material that surrounds the capsid or is part of the protein coat; the outermost structure of the virion

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19
Q

simple structure

A

helical or icosahedral capsid

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20
Q

complex structure

A

“complex” mixture of protein and lipid that coats the genome; no nucleocapsid

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21
Q

complex or binal symmetry components

A

Core (genome + proteins)
Lateral Body
Envelope

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22
Q

complex/binal virus example

A

poxvirus

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23
Q

icosahedral or cubic example

A

adenovirus

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24
Q

icosahedral or cubic structure includes a

A

capsomere

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25
helical or radial structure includes
RNA | protomer
26
helical/radial virus example
Tobacco Mosaic Virus
27
complex/binal virions do not have a
capsid
28
Poxviridae family includes (4)
Cowpox Variola major Variola minor Molluscum contagiosum
29
all viruses of a given family are
morphologically idental
30
a simple virion has a distinct
nucleocapsid
31
3 structural components of the simple virion
1. genome (DNA or RNA) 2. capsid (protein coat that surrounds genome) 3. envelope (lipid that surrounds the capsid or that is part of the virus coat)
32
this virus synthesizes its own envelope
Poxviridae
33
this virus has its own envelope
Hepdnaviridae (hep B virus)
34
nucleocapsid
capsid + genome; | two types: icosahedral (cubic) and helical (radial)
35
icosahedral viruses have a capsid composed of
capsomeres
36
helical capsids are made up of identical structural units called
protomers | *they do not have capsomeres*
37
characteristics of icosahedral viruses
1. five-fold / three-fold / two-fold symmetry 2. structure can be identified by x-ray diffraction (crystallography) and electron microscopy 3. 20 faces and 12 vertices, all equilateral triangles 4. chemical/mathematical structures with the intrinsic property of "self assembly" due to built in protein structure 5. very strong - ideal protective coats
38
capsomeres are made up of
structural units (proteins)
39
pentameres
capsomeres at each of the 12 vertices
40
hexameres
capsomeres within the 20 faces of equilateral triangles
41
capsid functions (3)
- protects the genome - attaches to receptors - evades immune system
42
hemagglutinin / H protein
- a glycoprotein expressed on virus envelope and on surface of infected cells - binds to mucoprotein receptors - agglutinates erythrocytes
43
Neuraminidase (N protein)
enzyme that cleaves sialic acid on cell surfaces; | *people produce antibodies to both hemagglutinin and neuraminidase*
44
HN protein
combined functions of H protein and N protein | hemagglutinin + neuraminidase
45
F protein
causes infected cells to fuse to uninfected cells forming polykaryocytes and evading the immune system
46
envelope of HIV
glycoprotein gp120
47
glycoprotein gp120 binds to
CD receptors on monocytes, CD4+ cells, and microglia
48
antibodies to gp120
do not protect against HIV infection | vary from person to person
49
gp41
transmembrane surface protein of HIV | used for screening of blood and blood products
50
"seropositive" w/ regards to HIV means
person has antibodies to gp41 (anti-gp41)
51
strand-wise, viruses can be
single-stranded or double-stranded | *DNA ones can be single-stranded too
52
configuration-wise, viruses can be
circular or linear
53
Adenoviridae configuration and strand
linear, double-stranded
54
Parvoviridae configuration and strand
linear, single-stranded
55
Papovaviridae configuration and strand
circular, double-stranded DNA
56
Poxviridae configuration and strand
linear, double-stranded DNA terminal covalent cross-links Linear dsDNA
57
herpetoviridae configuration and strand
linear, double-stranded DNA | inverted repeats with terminal redundancies
58
Orthomyxoviridae* configuration and strand
segmented, single-stranded RNA
59
simple virus is composed of
genome and capsid | sometimes envelope
60
complex virus is composed of
genome | complex protein/lipid material (envelope) which serves as a protective coat
61
all DNA viruses have double-stranded DNA except for
Parvoviridae - single-stranded DNA
62
all RNA viruses have single-stranded RNA except for
Rheoviridae - double-stranded RNA
63
these have segmented RNA (5)
``` Rheoviridae Orthomyxoviridae Arenaviridae Bunyaviridae Retroviridae ```
64
helical viruses have a(n) ____ genome
RNA
65
all animal DNA viruses have linear nucleic acid except for
Papovaviridae and Hepdnaviridae - circular DNA
66
all animal DNA viruses lack an envelope except for
Herpetoviridae Poxviridae Hepdnaviridae
67
all helical animal viruses have
an envelope
68
all animal RNA viruses have linear nucleic acid except for
Bunyaviridae | Arenaviridae - circular RNA
69
enveloped viruses are sensitive to
ether

Micro - Viruses (2 decks)

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