Intro to Y11 (biomacromolecules, enzymes, digestive system, endocrine system)

Question 1

What is a monosaccharide?

Answer 1

The monomer of a carbohydrate

Question 2

What is a carbohydrate?

Answer 2

Carbohydrates are a polymer made up of many repeating monomers called monosaccharides

Question 3

Give an example of a monosaccharide.

Answer 3

Glucose

Question 4

What is a disaccharide?

Answer 4

Disaccharides consist of two monosaccharides chemically bonded together.

Question 5

Give an example of a disaccharide.

Answer 5

Maltose, lactose

Question 6

What is a polysaccharide?

Answer 6

Polysaccharides are made up of long repeating chains of monosaccharides

Question 7

Give an example of a polysaccharide.

Answer 7

Glycogen, starch

Question 8

What is the function of a carbohydrate in the body?

Answer 8

Store of energy

Question 9

What is a lipid?

Answer 9

a macromolecule consisting of fatty acid tails connected by a glycerol backbone.

Question 10

What are lipids used for?

Answer 10

Making lipid based hormones
Energy
Insulation
Protecting vital organs

Question 11

What are some functions of a protein?

Answer 11

Antibodies
Enzymes
Protein based hormones like insulin.

Question 12

What is a protein?

Answer 12

Proteins are long, folded sequences of amino acids

Question 13

What is the monomer of a protein?

Answer 13

Amino acid

Question 14

What is activation energy?

Answer 14

Activation energy is the energy required to start a reaction

Question 15

What is an enzyme?

Answer 15

A Biological protein catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy

Question 16

How do you describe the active site of an enzyme?

Answer 16

Specific and complimentary

Question 17

What is a decomposition reaction?

Answer 17

When one substrate is broken into multiple products

Question 18

What is a synthesis reaction?

Answer 18

When multiple substrates are combined to form one product

Question 19

What are the substrate and product of protease?

Answer 19

Substrate- protein/polypeptide
Product- amino acids

Question 20

What are the substrate and product of maltase?

Answer 20

Substrate- maltose
Product- glucose

Question 21

What are the substrate and product of lipase?

Answer 21

Substrate- lipids / triglycerides
Product- fatty acids and glycerol

Question 22

What are the substrate and product of amylase?

Answer 22

Substrate- starch
Product- maltose

Question 23

Draw and label a 3 part enzyme diagram for lipase.

Answer 23

Question 24

What word is given to the temperature or pH an enzyme works best at?

Answer 24

Optimum

Question 25

What word is used to describe an enzyme that is at a temperature above its optimum?

Answer 25

Denatured

Question 26

What word is used to describe an enzyme that is at a pH above or below its optimum?

Answer 26

Denatured

Question 27

What will happen to an enzyme if it denatures?

Answer 27

Active site will change shape and no longer be specific and complimentary to the substrate. There will be less enzyme-substrate complexes, less products and a lower rate of reaction.

Question 28

What is a tissue?

Answer 28

A group of cells performing a function

Question 29

What is an organ?

Answer 29

A group of tissues performing a function

Question 30

What is an organ system?

Answer 30

A group of organs performing a function

Question 31

What is digestion?

Answer 31

The breakdown of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules by chemical and physical means

Question 32

What is chemical digestion?

Answer 32

Chemical digestion is done by enzymes

Question 33

What digestion occurs in the mouth?

Answer 33

Physical digestion: teeth physically break food into smaller pieces Chemical digestion: saliva contains amylase (enzyme) which chemically breaks down starch into maltose

Question 34

What is the role of the oesophagus?

Answer 34

Connects the mouth to the stomach Food moves by peristalsis No digestion or absorption happens in the oesophagus

Question 35

What is the role of the stomach?

Answer 35

Physical digestion: muscular bag that churns food Chemical digestion: Makes pepsin (enzyme) that breaks down proteins

Question 36

What is the role of the liver?

Answer 36

Make bile

Question 37

What is the role of the gall bladder?

Answer 37

Store bile

Question 38

What is the role of bile?

Answer 38

Bile physically breaks down lipids and neutralises stomach acid

Question 39

What is the role of the pancreas?

Answer 39

Pancreas makes enzymes that break down lipids, proteins and carbohydrates.

Question 40

What digestion occurs in the small intestine?

Answer 40

Chemical digestion: enzymes are released from the pancreas that break down proteins, lipids and carbohydrates Physical digestion: bile emulsifies fat

Question 41

Where does absorption occur?

Answer 41

Small Intestines- (absorbs products of digestion) Large Intestines- colon (absorbs water)

Question 42

What is the role of the large intestine?

Answer 42

Colon- absorbs water Rectum and anus- store and excrete faeces