intro_to_inquiry_study_sheet Flashcards
(21 cards)
Causal Reasoning
‘If I do A, then B will happen.’ Describes direct cause-effect relationships.
Probabilistic Reasoning
‘If I do A, B will likely happen.’ Indicates likelihood rather than certainty.
Tradition
Cultural, religious, or family practices passed through generations.
Workplace Cohesion
Effective teamwork relies on shared cultural and communication norms.
Communication Rules
Traditions shape communication through gestures, language, and unspoken rules.
Overgeneralization
Drawing conclusions from limited patterns or assumptions. Solution: Investigate assumptions carefully.
Paradigms
Frameworks that shape interpretation (e.g., positivism, feminism), providing structure but not explanations.
Social Theory
Theories explain observations. Includes facts (observable events) and laws (generalizations about facts).
Deductive Methods
Hypotheses derived from existing theories.
Inductive Methods
Observations lead to new generalizations.
Voluntary Participation
Participants must choose to participate willingly, even if it reduces generalizability.
Belmont Report
Outlines research principles: Respect for Persons, Beneficence, and Justice.
Informed Consent
Participants are informed about the study, ensuring confidentiality and documented consent.
Anonymity
Participant identity remains unknown.
Confidentiality
Participant identity is known but kept private.
Deception and Debriefing
Deception must be justified and followed by debriefing participants.
Humphreys’ Tearoom Study
Studied anonymous same-sex behavior through observation.
Milgram’s Obedience Study
Tested human obedience through monitored experiments, raising ethical concerns.
Objectivity and Ideology
Research is rarely free from personal or ideological bias.
Personal Politics in Research
Topics may reflect the researcher’s interests or societal needs.
Politics and Ethics Intersection
Political and ethical concerns influence research topics and publication.
