Introdiction to Biology

Question 1

What are genetic codes

Answer 1

It is the universal language; all organisms use the same chemical language of nucleotides and genes to translate information from DNA to protein

Question 2

Cell signaling

Answer 2

External stimuli; Light, sound, temperature, chemicals
Internal stimuli; food in stomach, sugar levels and oxygen levels in blood

Question 3

Insulin production

Answer 3

Steps
1. Eating cause blood sugar to rise
2. Pancreas cells receive stimuli (signals) and produce more insulin
3. Insulin bonds to other cells; signal them to take up sugar
4. Blood sugar level decreases
5. No more surplus of sugar; pancreas stops receiving the signal, and stop producing insulin

Question 4

Unifying themes of Biology

Answer 4

1. Evolution : the process of change that has transformed life on earth from its earliest form to the vast array of organisms in the world today.
2. The flow of information :life can’t exist without the flow of information, reproduction, growth and development, internal regulation and response to environment.
3. Structure and function are linked together
4. Transfer and transformation of energy and matter
5. Interaction within and between systems.

Question 5

Isotopes

Answer 5

Atoms of an element that have the same atomic number and behave same way but different mass number

Question 6

Radioactive isotopes

Answer 6

The nucleus is unstable causing it to decay spontaneously, releasing particles and energy