Introductiom to organic Chemistry

Question 1

General formula for alkanes

Answer 1

C2H2n +2

Question 2

Generał formula for alkenes

Answer 2

C2H2n

Question 3

General formula for cycloalkanes

Answer 3

C2H2n

Question 4

State 2 features of a homologous series

Answer 4

-same functional group
-very similar chemical properties

Question 5

Empirical formula

Answer 5

Simplest whole number ratio of the numbers of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 6

Displaced formula

Answer 6

Shows every atom and bond within a compound

Question 7

Skeletal formula

Answer 7

Only shows the carbon chain of on organic compound.No need to show hydrogen atoms but must show any other atoms attached to the carbon chain such as cl,br,o,oh

Question 8

Structural isomerism

Answer 8

When molecules have the same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 9

Chain isomerism

Answer 9

when the longest chain is changed in a molecule

Question 10

Positional isomerism

Answer 10

When the position of the functional group is changed

Question 11

Functional group isomerism

Answer 11

when the functional group is changed so that 2 molecules have different functional groups but the same molecular formula

Question 12

Stereo isomerism

Answer 12

Molecules have the same structure formula, but different arrangement of atoms in space

Question 13

E/z isomerism

Answer 13

Do you have e/z molecules must have
-A double bond which restricts rotation
-Each carbon in the double bond must have two different groups bonded

Question 14

Hydrocarbon

Answer 14

Compounds containing carbon and hydrogen only

Question 15

Saturated hydrocarbon

Answer 15

Contains single bonds only

Question 16

Alkanes

Answer 16

Saturated hydrocarbon that contains only C-C and C-H single bonds

Question 17

Physical properties of alkanes

Answer 17

-Boiling point increases with increasing carbon chain length as there’s more electrons and stronger VanderWaal forces between molecules
-When branching and increases but the number of electrons remains the same boiling point decreases due to the weaker, VanderWaal forces and less surface contact

Question 18

Name, a process of separating an alkane from a mixture of compounds

Answer 18

Fractional distillation

Question 19

Outline essential features of fractional distillation

Answer 19

-different hydrocarbons have different boiling points
-Larger hydrocarbons have higher boiling points
-very hot temperatures at the bottom
-Larger hydrocarbons condense first and are collected at the bottom

Question 20

Explain oil companies need to crack heavy fractions

Answer 20

Higher demand for small, alkanes and alkanes

Question 21

What does thermal cracking produce?

Answer 21

Two alkanes one alkane

Question 22

Conditions for thermal cracking

Answer 22

-high temperature=700-1200k
-high pressure=7000kpa

Question 23

What does catalytic cracking

Answer 23

Cycloalkanes
Branched alkanes

Question 24

Conditions for catalytic cracking

Answer 24

-high temperature =700k
-mild pressure=100kpa
-catalyst =zeolite

Question 25

Suggest why incomplete combustion of fuel may occur

Answer 25

Limited supply of oxygen

Question 26

Describe and explain the structure of catalytic converters

Answer 26

Honeycomb structure made of platinum and rhodium to increase surface area therefore increasing rate of reactions

Question 27

How does stereoisomerism arise

Answer 27

C=C cannot rotate

Question 28

Why do branched molecules have lower boiling points

Answer 28

-boiling point decreases as there is less surface contact and weaker vanderwaals forces between molecules