Introduction Flashcards
1
Q
What do Parasites occur as?
A
Group
2
Q
Where do Parasites live?
A
On/Inside host
3
Q
What do Parasites do to host?
A
Harm it
4
Q
Define Parasitology
A
Science discussing Parasites
5
Q
What are the 7 types of Parasites?
A
Ecto Endo Obligate Facultative Accidental Erratic Coprozoic/Suprious
6
Q
What part of the host where Ectoparasites live in?
A
Outer surface
7
Q
What part of the host where Endoparasites live in?
A
Inside its body
8
Q
Describe Obligate Parasite
A
Completely dependent on host
9
Q
What are the 2 forms in which Facultative & Coprozoic/Suprious parasites can live as?
A
Free
Or
As a Parasite
10
Q
What is the only organ where Coprozoic/Suprious parasites pass through?
A
Intestine
11
Q
What 2 states are Coprozoic/Suprious parasites recovered as?
A
Living
Or
Dead
12
Q
What is the site at which are Coprozoic/Suprious parasites are recovered from?
A
Human feces
13
Q
Describe Accidental Parasite (2 points)
A
Attacks unnatural host
Survives
14
Q
Describe Erratic Parasite
A
Wanders in organ which’s uncommonly found in
15
Q
What are the 5 types of Host?
A
Definitive Intermediate Paratenic Reservoir Vector
16
Q
What stages of the parasite does Definitive host harbor? (2 points)
A
Adult
Or
Sexually mature
17
Q
What stage of the parasite does Intermediate host harbor?
A
Sexually immature
18
Q
What stage of the parasite does Parantenic host harbor?
A
Development Arrested
19
Q
Where are Reservoir host & Zoonosis found in?
A
Animal
Human being
20
Q
Where is Zoonosis normally found in?
A
Animal
21
Q
What does Reservoir host act as to human beings?
A
Infection source
22
Q
Where is Vector found in?
A
Arthropod
23
Q
Describe Vector
A
Transports pathogenic organism
24
Q
Between what hosts does Vector transport pathogenic organism?
A
Infected to Non-infected
25
Describe Zoonosis
Parasitic disease
26
What are the 3 Host-Parasite Relationships
Symbiosis
Commensalism
Parasitism
27
Describe Symbiosis
Host & Parasite are interdependent
28
How are host & parasite interdependent in Symbiosis?
One cannot live without other’s help
29
Describe Parasite in Commensalism & Parasitism
Benefited
30
Describe Host in Commensalism
Not injured
31
Describe Host in Parasitism (2 points)
Always harmed
| Gets nothing in return
32
What are the 12 modes of Parasitic infection?
```
Trans-placental
Through:
Skin
Mucous membrane
Ingestion of:
Contaminated food/drink
Improper cooked meat
Eggs Inhalation
Infected blood sucking arthropod
Blood transfusions from infected persons
Organ transplantation
Along nerve-sheath
Auto-infection
Domestic animals
```
33
Between who is parasitic infection transmitted in Placenta?
Mother to Fetus
34
How is parasitic infection transmitted through skin?
Contact with infected:
Soil
Or
Water
35
State the 2 parasites that transmit infection through Skin
Ancylostoma duodenale
| Schistosomes
36
State the parasite that transmits infection through Mucous Membrane
Trichomonus vaginalis
37
State the parasite that transmits infection by ingestion of contaminated food/drink
Fasciola spp.
38
State the 2 parasites that transmit infection by ingestion of improper cooked meat
Taenia:
Solium
Saginata
39
State the parasite that transmits infection by infected blood sucking arthropod & by blood transfusions from infected persons
Plasmodium spp.
40
State the parasite that transmits infection by egg inhalation
Entrobius vermicularis
41
State the parasite that transmits infection along nerve sheath
Naegleria fowleri
42
Describe Auto-infection
Patient reinfects himself
43
What are the 2 types of Auto-infection?
External
| Internal
44
How can a patient reinfects himself externally?
From Anus to Mouth
| By fingers
45
State the parasite that transmits infection by external Auto-infection
Entrobiasis
46
How can a patient reinfects himself internally?
Anti-Peristaltic Movement
47
State the parasite that transmits infection by internal Auto-infection
Cystcerocosis
48
State the parasite that transmits infection by domestic animals
Tocoplasma gondii
49
Between who is parasitic infection transmitted in domestic animals?
Cat to human being
50
State the 3 modes of Parasitic infection which are transmitted by the same parasite
Trans-Placental
Organ Transplantation
Domestic Animals
51
State the parasite that transmits infection by these 3 modes
Tocoplasma gondii
52
How does a Parasite survive?
By transmission from host to host
53
What are the 2 types of Parasite life cycle
Simple
| Complex
54
How many hosts are involved in the simple life cycle?
One
55
How many hosts are involved in the complex life cycle?
2 or more
56
What are the 2 stages of a life cycle
Diagnostic
| Infective
57
What is the purpose of diagnosis stage?
Used in diagnosis
58
What is the purpose of infective stage?
Initiates infection
59
What do Parasites cause?
Host tissue damage
60
What are the 7 ways of diagnosing parasitic disease?
```
Clinical
Parasitological
Immunological
Xray
CT
CBC
Endoscope
```
61
What are the 2 clinical diagnosis of parasitic disease which the host’s response can be recognized as?
Signs
| Symptoms
62
What is the parasitological diagnosis of parasitic disease?
Microscopic detections
63
What are examples of features microscopically detected during pathological diagnosis?
(2 points)
Eggs
| Larvae
64
What are the 3 immunological diagnosis of parasitic disease?
IHAT
ELISA
PCR
65
What are the 2 types of Parasitic infections?
Symptomatic
| Asymptomatic
66
What causes Symptomatic parasitic infection? (2 points)
Systemic &/ Local parasitic effects
67
What are the 5 clinical findings due to systemic effects
```
Allergy
Toxaemia
Anapylaxis
Malnutrition
Anaemia
```
68
What are the 4 clinical findings due to local effects
```
Pressure symptoms
Mechanical obstruction
Epithelium:
Damage
Or
Irritation
Local skin manifestations
```
69
What 2 factors does the injury degree of human host depend on?
Parasite-related
| Host susceptibility-related
70
What are the 5 parasite-related factors that the injury degree of human host depend on?
```
Burden
Size
Site
Activity
Virulence
```
71
Describe virulence
Parasite strain
72
What are the 6 host susceptibility-related factors that the injury degree of human host depend on?
```
Immunity
Age
Sex
Genetic factors
Occupation
Nutrition
```
73
What is the most important host susceptibility-related factor that the injury degree of human host depend on?
Immunity
74
What are the 3 classifications of parasites?
Helminths
Protozoa
Arthropoda
75
According to what features are Parasites classified into? (2 points)
Morphology
| Genetic structure
76
What are the 2 ways in which parasite affects host?
Direct
| Indirect
77
What are the 3 direct effects of a parasite on its host?
Traumatic damage
Toxic substances production
Deprivation
78
What causes Traumatic damage?
Pressure
79
What would happen to the damage?
Grows larger
80
Give an example of a traumatic damage
Hydatid cyst
81
What is the effect of Hydatid cyst formation?
Block ducts
82
What are the ducts that are blocked by Hydatid cyst?
Blood vessels
83
What do these blood vessels produce?
Infraction
84
What may toxic substances cause? (2 points)
Rigors
| Other symptoms
85
Give an example to a parasite which produces toxic substances
Plasmodium falciparum
86
What do parasites deprive from a host? (3 points)
Nutrients
Fluids
Metabolites
87
How can parasites compete with a host for nutrients?
Produce disease
88
What are the 2 indirect effects of a parasite on its host?
Immunological reaction/response
| Rapid increase of certain tissues
89
What can the 2 indirect effects ,of a parasite on a host, cause?
Tissue damage
90
Give an example of an immunological reaction/response of a parasite on its host
Nephritic syndrome
| Parasitic infection
91
State the parasite that indirectly affect its host by immunological reaction/response
Plasmodium
92
State of the parasite that indirectly affect its host by rapid increase of certain tissues
Schistosoma
93
How does Schistosoma cause tissue damage?
Deposits ova
| Invades tissues
94
Which tissues does Schistosoma invade?
Liver
95
What effect of the liver is caused by Schistosoma?
Fibrosis
