Introduction Flashcards
(85 cards)
1
Q
not a p-block element
A
He
2
Q
group 1
A
alkali metal
3
Q
group 2
A
alkaline earth metals
4
Q
group 18
A
inert gases
noble gases
zero group
5
Q
group 17
A
halogens
6
Q
group16
A
calcogens
7
Q
group 15
A
pnictogens
8
Q
metalloids
A
B, Si, Ge, Ar, Sb, Te, Po
9
Q
d-block
A
transitional elements
10
Q
f-block
A
inner transitional elements
11
Q
s and p block
A
representative elements
12
Q
magic numbers
A
2,8,8,18,18,32,32
13
Q
low MP metals
A
Ga, Cs, Hg
14
Q
lusturous non-metal
A
I
15
Q
non-conductor of heat and electricity (metal)
A
Bi, Pb
16
Q
electricity conducting non-metal
A
graphite
17
Q
heat conducting non-metal
A
diamond
18
Q
high MP and BP non-metal
A
B and C
19
Q
low density metal
A
Li
20
Q
shielding effect along the period
A
decreases
21
Q
shielding effect down the group
A
decreases
22
Q
order of atomic radius
A
10^-10 m
23
Q
order of nucleus
A
10^-15 m
24
Q
Rv, Rm, Rc (compare)
A
Rv > Rm > Rc
25
atomic radius along the period
decreases
26
atomic radius down the group
increases
27
largest element in a period
noble element
28
M, M+, M- (atomic radius compare)
M- > M > M+
29
ionisation enthalphy along the period
increases
30
ionisation enthalphy down the group
decreases
31
I.E.1, I.E.2 (compare)
I.E.1 < I.E.2
32
I.E. is always
endothermic
33
Be > B
full filled s-subshell
34
N > O
half filled p-subshell
35
order of shielding power
ns > np > nd > nf
36
compare size of 4d and 5d elements (except Y , La)
nearly same due to poor shielding of 4f element
| lanthanide contraction
37
compare I.E. of 4d and 5d elements (except Y , La)
5d > 4d
38
compare density of 4d and 5d elements (except Y , La)
5d > 4d
| most densest metals of the periodic table are found in 5d series.
39
inert pair effect
due to poor shielding of 4f sub-shell, lower oxidation state become more stable
40
Ga > Al comparing I.E.
first time entry of d orbitals
| d block contraction
41
Ga < Al comparing atomic radius
first time entry of d orbitals
| d block contraction
42
Tl > In comparing I.E.
lanthanide contraction
43
electron gain enthalphy along the period
increases
44
electron gain enthalphy down the group
decreases
45
E.G.E. is endothermic for
noble gas
Be, Mg
Zn, Cd, Hg
46
nitrogen have low E.G.E.
half filled sub-shell
47
maximum E.G.E.
Cl
48
2nd maximum E.G.E.
F
49
in calcogens, maximum E.G.E.
S
50
in calcogens minimum E.G.E.
O
51
2nd E.G.E. is always
endothermic
52
1st E.G.E. positive then E.A. is
0
53
highest E.A.
Cl
54
pauling scale
Δ=(EA−B)−(EA−A×EB−B)
energy in kJ/mol
EN(A) - EN(B) = 0.1017 (Δ1/2)
55
pauli assigned an arbitrary value to most EN elements as
F (4)
56
ideology of pauli
more EN diff. > more polarity> more partial charges > % ionic chac.
57
Hannay-smith formula
% ionic=16(XA−XB)+3.5(XA−XB)2
58
ideology of hannay-smith
more EN diff. > more polarity> more partial charges > % ionic chac.
59
stevenson schomaker formula
dA-B = rA + rB – 0.09 (xA – xB)
60
ideology stevenson schomaker
En diff > bond length(dA-B)
61
ideology of mulkin jaffe scale
En > ionisation and E.A.
62
mulkin jaffe fromula
X = I.P. + E.A. / 2
63
relation between paulin and mulkin
Xm = 2.8 * Xp
64
allred rochow scale
X = 0.744 + 0.359 Zeff/r2
65
ideology of allred rochow
E.N. > Zeff / r^2
66
metallic nature along the period
decreases
67
metals are
good reducing agent
68
non-metals are
good oxidising agent
69
diagonal relationship
Li Be B
| Mg Al Si
70
normal oxide
| oxidation state of oxygen
-2
71
super oxide
| oxidation state of oxygen
-1/2
72
per oxide
| oxidation state of oxygen
-1
73
basic strength along the period
decreases
74
basic strength down the grp
increases
75
acidic strength down the group
decreases
76
acidic strength along the period
increases
77
amphoteric oxides
act as both acidic and basic oxide
78
neutral oxides
neither act as acidic nor as basic oxide
79
metals that form amphoteric oxides
```
Be
Al
Zn
Sn
Pb
Ga
Sb
```
80
examples of neutral oxides
CO
N2O
NO
H2O
81
oxidation state is directly proportional to
acidic strength
| electronegativity
82
naming of oxides
hypo_ous
_ous
_ic
per_ic
83
naming of ions
hypo_ite
_ite
_ate
per_ate
84
if electronegativity of A is greater than _____, then it is usually acidic
1.7
85
thermal stability down the group
decreses
