Introduction

Question 1

What is kidney failure?

Answer 1

is diagnosed as acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease. Without aggressive treatment, or when complicating preexisting conditions exist, acute kidney injury can result in chronic kidney disease.

Question 2

What are the functions of the kidneys?

Answer 2

regulate fluid, acid‐base, and electrolyte balance, and eliminate wastes from the body.

Question 3

How much should adults void normally per day?

Answer 3

1-2 L/day

Question 4

What are the normal ranges for creatinine?

Answer 4

0.6 - 1.2 mg/dL

Question 5

What is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)? What are the normal ranges?

Answer 5

Def:

Range: 100

Question 6

What is oliguria?

Answer 6

Low urine output of less than 0.5 mL/kg/hr

Question 7

What is anuria?

Answer 7

Low urine output of less than 50 mL/day

Question 8

Why should patients with AKI be cautious about Nephrotoxic agents?

Answer 8

The kidneys are susceptible to the adverse effects of medications because the metabolic by-products of most medications are excreted by the kidneys. Patients taking nephrotoxic medications (e.g., aminoglycosides, gentamicin [Garamycin], tobramycin, colistimethate [Coly-Mycin], polymyxin B, amphotericin B, vancomycin, amikacin [Amikin], cyclosporine [Neoral]) should be monitored closely for changes in renal function.

Question 9

What are the clinical findings of fluid excesses?

Answer 9

• dyspnea
• tachycardia
• distended neck veins
• moist crackles
• pulmonary edema